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    • Deer Resistant

    Deer can be a frustrating challenge for gardeners, but thankfully many stunning perennials are naturally unappealing to these hungry herbivores. By selecting the right plants, you can create a beautiful garden that deer will typically avoid.

    • Papaver orientale Royal Wedding 30ct Flat Papaver orientale Royal Wedding 30ct Flat

      Papaver

      Papaver o. 'Royal Wedding' (30)ct Flat

      Papaver orientale 'Royal Wedding' (30)ct FlatCommon name: Oriental Poppy. Papery, white, flouncy blooms are borne on wiry, pubescent stems from late spring thru early summer. The petals have a crepe-like appearance and a satiny texture. Each flower...

      $171.13
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    • Pennisetum alopecuroides Hameln 30ct Flat Pennisetum alopecuroides Hameln 30ct Flat

      Pennisetum

      Pennisetum a. 'Hameln' (30)ct Flat

      Pennisetum alopecuroides 'Hameln' (30)ct FlatCommon Name: Grass-Ornamental, Dwarf Fountain Grass Arching, upright, deep green foliage in summer, changes to orange-bronze in fall and eventually to beige in late fall. Foliage usually remains...

      $198.69
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    • Perovskia Prime Time PPAF 25 BR Plants Perovskia Prime Time PPAF 25 BR Plants

      Perovskia

      Perovskia 'Prime Time' PPAF (25) BR Plants

      Perovskia 'Prime Time' PPAF (25) Bare Root Plants Common Name: Russian SageAn upgrade to 'Rocketman' with earlier bloom and denser flower spikes. Dusky purple calyxes hold blue flowers. The calyxes remain colorful well into fall, giving the plant the...

      $217.55
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    • Perovskia atriplicifolia 25 BR Plants Perovskia atriplicifolia 25 BR Plants

      Perovskia

      Perovskia atriplicifolia (25) BR Plants

      Perovskia atriplicifolia (25) Bare Root PlantsFamily: Lamiaceae/Labiatae (mint Family); Common name: Russian Sage. Airy spikes of lavender-blue, tubular flowers top strong stems with small, finely dissected, silvery-green leaves provides two or...

      $206.39
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    • Phlox Opening Act Ultrapink PPAF 25 BR Plants Phlox 'Opening Act Ultrapink' PP32093 (25) BR Plants

      Phlox

      Phlox 'Opening Act Ultrapink' PP32093 (25) BR Plants

      Phlox 'Opening Act Ultrapink' PP32093 CPBRAF (25) Bare Root PlantsOpening Act SeriesCommon Name: Hybrid Phlox This Phlox isn't just pink, it's ULTRApink! With this addition to the Opening Act Phlox Collection, it is officially the brightest, most vibrant...

      $233.82
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    • Phlox p. 'Dream Girl' (25) BR Plants Phlox p. 'Dream Girl' (25) BR Plants

      Phlox

      Phlox p. 'Dream Girl' (25) BR Plants

      Phlox p. 'Dream Girl' PPAF - (25) bare root clumps GARDEN GIRLS® Collection Phlox paniculata 'Dream Girl' is a dream come true for gardeners seeking beauty, resilience, and long-lasting blooms. This captivating variety of tall garden phlox, part of...

      $211.24
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    • Phlox p. 'Fancy Girl' (25) BR Plants Phlox p. 'Fancy Girl' (25) BR Plants

      Phlox

      Phlox p. 'Fancy Girl' (25) BR Plants

      Phlox p. 'Fancy Girl' PP36599 - GARDEN GIRLS® Collection (25) Bare Root Plants Common Name: Tall Garden Phlox Introducing 'Fancy Girl' Phlox, a captivating addition to the GARDEN GIRLS® Collection, renowned for its exceptional disease resistance...

      $211.24
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    • Phlox paniculata Red Riding Hood 25 BR Plants Phlox paniculata Red Riding Hood 25 BR Plants

      Phlox

      Phlox p. 'Red Riding Hood' (25) BR Plants

      Phlox paniculata 'Red Riding Hood' (25) Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Tall Garden Phlox Vivid clusters of fragrant, cherry-red flowers sit atop strong-stemmed plants from mid thru late summer. 'Red Riding Hood' is a compact variety which attracts...

      $209.05
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    • Platycodon grandiflorus Fuji Blue 25 BR Plants Platycodon grandiflorus Fuji Blue 25 BR Plants

      Platycodon

      Platycodon g. 'Fuji Blue' (25) BR Plants

      Platycodon grandiflorus 'Fuji Blue' (25) Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Balloon Flower. Blossoms swell into balloon-like buds, before they burst open into vibrant violet-blue, 2-2.5-inch, bell-shaped flowers. 'Double Blue' is a very reliable bloomer...

      $186.52
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    • Platycodon g. 'Pop Star Blue' (10)ct Quarts

      Platycodon

      Platycodon g. 'Pop Star Blue' (10)ct Quarts

      Platycodon grandiflorus 'Pop Star Blue' (10)ct Quarts Common name: Balloon Flower Pop Star Balloon Flower buds swell up before bursting open to reveal large star-shaped flowers with brilliant violet-blue petals. Easy to grow in moist well-drained organic...

      $99.89
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    • Polemonium boreale Heavanly Habit 10ct Quarts Polemonium boreale Heavanly Habit 10ct Quarts

      Polemonium

      Polemonium b. 'Heavanly Habit' (10)ct Quarts

      Polemonium boreale 'Heavanly Habit' Common name: Jacob's Ladder. Zone 3 to 7. Full sun to part shade, evergreen in warmer climates. Plants reach 18 to 20 inches tall and 12 to 15 inches wide, compact, upright, clump-forming perennial. Growth rate:...

      $102.89
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    • Polystichum acrostichoides 3.5 inch pot Polystichum acrostichoides (3.5 inch pot)

      Polystichum

      Polystichum acrostichoides (3.5 inch pot)

      Polystichum acrostichoides (3.5-inch pot)Common Name: Christmas Fern, evergreen fern, stocking fern Height: 12-24 Inches Spread: 12-24 Inches Hardiness Zone: 3-9 Part Shade to Shade Evergreen Native to Eastern U.S. Clumping habit Sword shaped,...

      $5.98
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    • Potentilla neumanniana Nana 10ct Flat Potentilla neumanniana Nana 10ct Flat

      Potentilla

      Potentilla neumanniana 'Nana' (10)ct Flat

      Potentilla neumanniana 'Nana' Common name: cinquefoil, Alpine Cinquefoil; a/k/a P. verna, P. tabernaemontani or P. crantzii. Zones (3) 4 to 8 (9). Full sun to part shade. Plants reach 3 to 4 inches tall and 12+ inches wide, Herbaceous, semi-evergreen,...

      $95.35
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    • Pulmonaria Pink-a-Blue PPAF 30ct Flat Pulmonaria Pink-a-Blue PPAF 30ct Flat

      Pulmonaria

      Pulmonaria 'Pink-a-Blue' PPAF (30)ct Flat

      Pulmonaria 'Pink-a-Blue' PPAF CPBRAF- Proven Winners® (30)ct Flat Common Name: LungwortPink flower buds open to medium blue flowers in early spring. Buds and blooms appear at the same time for an alluring two tone effect. Following flowering a robust...

      $280.86
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    • Pulmonaria Pretty in Pink PPAF 30ct Flat Pulmonaria Pretty in Pink PPAF 30ct Flat

      Pulmonaria

      Pulmonaria 'Pretty in Pink' PPAF (30)ct Flat

      Pulmonaria 'Pretty in Pink' PPAF (30)ct Flat Common Name: Lungwort, Bethlehem SageLungwort are one of the classic shade perennials, and what better way to celebrate spring than with an explosion of pink flowers? Large, bright rose pink flowers stay...

      $260.85
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    • Pulmonaria Spot On PP33063 30ct Flat Pulmonaria Spot On PP33063 30ct Flat

      Pulmonaria

      Pulmonaria 'Spot On' PP33063 (30)ct Flat

      Pulmonaria 'Spot On' PP33063 CPBRAF - Proven Winners® (30)ct Flat Common Name: Lungwort'Spot On' is a new Pulmonaria for Proven Winners and a new genus to the perennial lineup. Pulmonaria are the perfect choice to signal the end of winter with...

      $280.86
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    • Pulmonaria 'Spot On' PP33063 (4) 1-gallons Pulmonaria 'Spot On' PP33063 (4) 1-gallons

      Pulmonaria

      Pulmonaria 'Spot On' PP33063 (4) 1-gallons

      Pulmonaria 'Spot On' PP33063 CPBRAF - Proven Winners® (4) 1-gallons Common Name: Lungwort'Spot On' is a new Pulmonaria for Proven Winners and a new genus to the perennial lineup. Pulmonaria are the perfect choice to signal the end of winter with...

      $139.81
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    • Pulmonaria Twinkle Toes PPAF 30ct Flat Pulmonaria Twinkle Toes PPAF 30ct Flat

      Pulmonaria

      Pulmonaria 'Twinkle Toes' PPAF (30)ct Flat

      Pulmonaria 'Twinkle Toes' PPAFCommon Name: Lungwort, Bethlehem Sage. Starting in mid-spring shortly after Hellebores are finished booming, dainty light periwinkle blue flowers cover a low, mounded habit. After the flowers fade, you can enjoy its dark...

      $261.30
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    • Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 10ct Quarts Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 10ct Quarts

      Rudbeckia

      Rudbeckia f. 'Goldsturm' (10)ct Quarts

      Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm' Common Name: Black-Eyed Susan, Coneflower. Zones 4 to 10, Sun. Plants reach 24 inches tall and 18 to 24 inches wide;Growth rate: Moderate, easy to grow. Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm' is a true garden superstar, celebrated...

      $99.89
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    • Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 25 BR Plants Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 25 BR Plants

      Rudbeckia

      Rudbeckia f. 'Goldsturm' (25) BR Plants

      Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm' (25) Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Black-Eyed Susan, Coneflower. Black Eyed Susans have a long season of bloom and a sturdy, upright habit, Bright gold petals with a deep brown cone highlights the garden in late...

      $204.55
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    • Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 3.5 inch pot Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 3.5 inch pot

      Rudbeckia

      Rudbeckia f. 'Goldsturm' (3.5 inch pot)

      Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm' (3.5-inch pot)Common Name: Black-Eyed Susan, Coneflower. Bright gold petals with a deep brown cone highlights the garden in late summer. 'Goldsturm' is a long-blooming, low maintenance perennial. Disease and pest...

      $4.74
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    • Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 30ct Flat Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 30ct Flat

      Rudbeckia

      Rudbeckia f. 'Goldsturm' (30)ct Flat

      Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm' (30)ct FlatCommon Name: Black-Eyed Susan, Coneflower. Bright gold petals with a deep brown cone highlights the garden in late summer. 'Goldsturm' is a long-blooming, low maintenance perennial. Disease and pest...

      $179.77
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    • Sagina subulata Irish Moss 10ct Flat Sagina subulata Irish Moss 10ct Flat

      Sagina

      Sagina subulata "Irish Moss" (10)ct Flat

      Sagina subulata Common Name: Irish Moss or Pearlwort Zones 4 to 9. Full sun to part shade. Plants reach 1 inch tall and 6 to 12 inches wide; very low moss-like ground cover. Growth rate: Moderate. Evergreen groundcover spreads slowly to form a dense,...

      $96.35
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    • Sagina subulata Aurea 10ct Flat Sagina subulata Aurea 10ct Flat

      Sagina

      Sagina subulata 'Aurea' (10)ct Flat

      Sagina subulata var. glabrata 'Aurea' Common Name: golden pearlwort, Scotch moss Zones 3 to 9. Full sun to part shade. Plants reach 1 inch tall and 6 to 12 inches wide; very low moss-like ground cover. Growth rate: Moderate. Sagina subulata 'Aurea',...

      $96.35
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    • Salvia Azure Snow PPAF 25 BR Plants Salvia Azure Snow PPAF 25 BR Plants

      Salvia

      Salvia 'Azure Snow' PP30534 (25) BR Plants

      Salvia 'Azure Snow' PP30534 CPBRAF (25) Bare Root PlantsCOLOR SPIRES® CollectionCommon Name: Perennial Salvia, Garden Sage A dazzling addition to the COLOR SPIRES® Perennial Salvia Collection! 'Azure Snow' brings incredible refinement to the...

      $236.08
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    • Salvia Ballerina Pink PPAF 25 BR Plants Salvia Ballerina Pink PPAF 25 BR Plants

      Salvia

      Salvia 'Ballerina Pink' PP29957 (25) BR Plants

      Salvia 'Ballerina Pink' PP29957 (25) Bare Root PlantsFASHIONISTA® CollectionCommon Name: Perennial Salvia, Garden Sage The word fashionista is often used to describe someone who is constantly on the cutting edge of beauty, representing current...

      $219.87
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    • Salvia Evening Attire PPAF 25 BR Plants Salvia Evening Attire PPAF 25 BR Plants

      Salvia

      Salvia 'Evening Attire' PP32573 (25) BR Plants

      Salvia 'Evening Attire' PP32573 (25) Bare Root PlantsFASHIONISTA® CollectionCommon Name: Perennial Salvia, Garden Sage The word fashionista is often used to describe someone who is constantly on the cutting edge of beauty, representing current...

      $219.87
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    • Salvia Midnight Model PPAF 25 BR Plants Salvia Midnight Model PPAF 25 BR Plants

      Salvia

      Salvia 'Midnight Model' PP29498 (25) BR Plants

      Salvia 'Midnight Model' PP29498 (25) Bare Root PlantsFASHIONISTA® CollectionCommon Name: Perennial Salvia, Garden Sage The word fashionista is often used to describe someone who is constantly on the cutting edge of beauty, representing current...

      $219.87
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    • Salvia COLOR SPIRES Pink Dawn PPAF 25 BR Plants Salvia COLOR SPIRES Pink Dawn PPAF 25 BR Plants

      Salvia

      Salvia 'Pink Dawn' PP26343 (25) BR Plants

      Salvia 'Pink Dawn' PP26343 CPBR5569 (25) Bare Root PlantsCOLOR SPIRES® CollectionCommon Name: Perennial Salvia, Garden Sage ‘Pink Dawn’ produces a cloud of sizable, cotton candy pink blossoms which pop open from fuchsia buds held on...

      $236.85
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    • Salvia n. 'Apex Blue' (10)ct Quarts

      Salvia

      Salvia n. 'Apex Blue' (10)ct Quarts

      Salvia nemorosa 'Apex Blue' (10)ct Quarts Salvia nemorosa 'Apex Blue' is a fantastic choice for adding a cool and calming blue hue to your garden. This cultivar, part of the Apex series, is admired for its compact growth, abundant blooms, and...

      $99.89
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    • Salvia n. 'Apex Pink' (10)ct Quarts

      Salvia

      Salvia n. 'Apex Pink' (10)ct Quarts

      Salvia nemorosa 'Apex Pink' (10)ct Quarts Salvia nemorosa 'Apex Pink' is a charming and versatile perennial that brings a vibrant touch to gardens. It is part of the Salvia Apex series, known for its compact growth, long blooming period, and uniform...

      $99.89
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    • Salvia n Bumbleberry PP31602 25 BR Plants Salvia n Bumbleberry PP31602 25 BR Plants

      Salvia

      Salvia n. 'Bumbleberry' PP31602 (25) BR Plants

      Salvia nemorosa 'Bumbleberry' PP31602 (25) Bare Root PlantsBumble SeriesCommon Name: Perennial Salvia, Garden Sage If you've ever had the opportunity to walk in a garden of Salvia in late spring, you know that bumblebees and other pollinators swarm to...

      $206.35
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    • Salvia n Bumbleblue PPAF 25 BR Plants Salvia n. 'Bumbleblue' PP30084 (25) BR Plants

      Salvia

      Salvia n. 'Bumbleblue' PP30084 (25) BR Plants

      Salvia nemorosa 'Bumbleblue' PPAF Common Name: Salvia-Perennial, garden sage, wood sage If you've ever had the opportunity to walk in a garden of Salvia in late spring, you know that bumblebees and other pollinators swarm to this perennial in droves...

      $206.35
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    • Salvia nemorosa Caradonna 25 BR Plants Salvia nemorosa Caradonna 25 BR Plants

      Salvia

      Salvia n. 'Caradonna' (25) BR Plants

      Salvia nemorosa 'Caradonna' (25) Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Salvia-Perennial, garden sage. This is a selection from Zillmer Pflanzen in Uchte, Germany. It is similar to 'East Friesland' but with two distinct differences: a rigidly upright habit...

      $201.84
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    • Salvia nemorosa May Night Salvia nemorosa May Night

      Salvia

      Salvia n. 'May Night' (4) 1-gallons

      Salvia nemorosa 'May Night's (4) 1-gallons a/k/a 'Mainacht'. 1997 Perennial Plant Of The Year. Zone: 3 to 8. Full sun to partial shade. Mature size: up to 18 inches height; spreads 18 to 24 inches. Salvia nemorosa 'May Night' is a beloved classic...

      $118.94
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    • Salvia n. 'Pink Profusion' PP31435 (25) BR Plants Salvia n Pink Profusion PPAF 25 BR Plants

      Salvia

      Salvia n. 'Pink Profusion' PP31435 (25) BR Plants

      Salvia nemorosa 'Pink Profusion' PP31435 CPBRAF (25) Bare Root PlantsProfusion SeriesCommon Name: Perennial Salvia This Salvia nemorosa hybrid will impress you with the number of times it reblooms! Sheer back the spent flowers and enjoy again throughout...

      $234.27
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    Compare Selected

    Deer can be a major nuisance for gardeners, often decimating carefully cultivated flower beds and vegetable gardens. However, by understanding deer preferences and incorporating deer-resistant plants into your landscape, you can significantly reduce deer browsing and protect your prized plants. This comprehensive guide provides valuable insights into deer-resistant plants, including a selection of popular choices and their characteristics.

    Understanding Deer Resistance

    While no plant is entirely "deer-proof," certain species possess characteristics that make them less appealing to deer. These characteristics include:

    • Strong scents: Deer have a keen sense of smell and tend to avoid plants with pungent aromas. For example, the sulfur compounds in alliums (onions) give them a strong odor that deer find offensive. Some individuals may also experience allium intolerance, with symptoms such as bloating and abdominal pain after consuming these plants. Similarly, the strong fragrance of lavender can be a deterrent, although some people may have an allergic reaction to it.
    • Tough Texture: Think coarse, leathery, or hairy leaves. These are less palatable and harder to chew. Examples include ornamental grasses like switchgrass (Panicum) and feather reed grass (Calamagrostis), and fuzzy plants like lamb's ears (Stachys byzantina).
    • Bitter Taste: Many plants contain compounds that make them taste bitter or unpleasant to deer.
    • Fuzzy or prickly textures: Plants with hairy or spiky leaves are less palatable to deer. The soft, velvety leaves of lamb's ears, for instance, are not a preferred food source for deer.
    • Toxic compounds: Some plants contain toxins that make them unappealing or even harmful to deer. Ferns, for example, contain toxins that deter deer from browsing.

    Interestingly, many deer-resistant plants are also highly attractive to pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. This makes them a valuable addition to any garden, not only for their ability to deter deer but also for their contribution to biodiversity.

    Beautiful and Deer-Resistant Choices Here's a selection of popular deer-resistant perennials to enhance your garden:

    • Flowers:
      • Catmint (Nepeta): This pollinator-friendly plant boasts fragrant purple-blue flowers.
      • Butterfly Bush (Buddleia): True to its name, it attracts butterflies with its long, colorful blooms and strong scent.
      • Yarrow (Achillea): Drought-tolerant with feathery foliage and clusters of colorful flowers.
      • Shasta Daisy (Leucanthemum): Classic white daisies with cheerful yellow centers.
      • Russian Sage (Perovskia): Airy and drought-tolerant with silvery foliage and lavender-blue flowers.
      • Bluestar (Amsonia): A native plant with clusters of blue flowers and lovely fall foliage.
    • Other:
      • Ornamental Grasses: Many varieties offer texture and winter interest.
      • Ferns: Most ferns, such as lady fern (Athyrium) and Japanese painted fern (Athyrium niponicum), are unpalatable to deer.
      • Lamb's Ears (Stachys byzantina): This fuzzy, silvery-leaved plant adds a unique textural element.

    Tips for Deterring Deer

    • Plant in Groups: Deer are less likely to nibble on plants in dense groupings.
    • Use Repellents: Explore commercial or homemade deer repellents.
    • Provide Alternative Food Sources: Planting a deer-friendly area away from your main garden can divert their attention.

    Important Note: While these plants are generally deer-resistant, no plant is entirely deer-proof. Deer preferences can vary by region and season. If deer pressure is high, consider combining these plant choices with other deterrent strategies.

    deer-resistant plants

    Achillea (Yarrow)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established. Deadhead to prolong bloom.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, long blooming, drought tolerant, medicinal uses.

    Acorus (Sweet Flag)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full sun, moist soil, or shallow water.
    • Benefits: Fragrant foliage, erosion control in water gardens, architectural interest.

    Ajuga (Bugleweed)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full sun, adaptable to various soils. Spreads quickly, can be invasive.
    • Benefits: Ground cover, weed suppression, attractive foliage.

    Ardisia (Marlberry)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to shade, well-drained soil. Protect from frost.
    • Benefits: Attractive berries, evergreen foliage.

    Aquilegia (Columbine)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full sun, well-drained soil. Self-seeds readily.
    • Benefits: Attracts hummingbirds, beautiful flowers, tolerates some shade.

    Aster

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil. Pinch back in early summer for bushier growth.
    • Benefits: Late-season blooms, attracts pollinators, variety of colors.

    Astilbe (False Spirea)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, moist, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Shade tolerant, feathery plumes, attracts butterflies.

    Baptisia (False Indigo)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Benefits: Long-lived, attracts pollinators, unique flower spikes.

    Brunnera (Siberian Bugloss)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, moist, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Attractive foliage, early spring flowers, shade tolerant.

    Butterfly Bushes (Buddleja)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Prune hard in late winter or early spring.
    • Benefits: Attracts butterflies and pollinators, long blooming season.

    Calamagrostis (Feather Reed Grass)

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, moist but well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Ornamental grass provides winter interest, low maintenance.

    Campanula (Bellflower)

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil. Deadhead to prolong bloom.
    • Benefits: Attractive flowers, variety of forms, attracts pollinators.

    Carex (Sedge)

    • Cultivation: Varies by species, generally prefers moist soil and part shade to full shade.
    • Benefits: Versatile, can be used as ground cover, in borders, or in water gardens.

    Ceratostigma (Plumbago)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Benefits: Late-season blooms, attractive blue flowers.

    Coreopsis (Tickseed)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Deadhead to prolong bloom.
    • Benefits: Long blooming, attracts pollinators, easy to grow.

    Delosperma (Ice Plant)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Benefits: Ground cover, succulent foliage, colorful flowers.

    Delphinium (Larkspur)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, fertile, well-drained soil. Stake tall varieties.
    • Benefits: Showy flower spikes, attracts pollinators.

    Dianthus (Pinks)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Deadhead to prolong bloom.
    • Benefits: Fragrant flowers, variety of colors and forms.

    Dicentra (Bleeding Heart)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, moist, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Unique heart-shaped flowers, shade tolerant.

    Echinacea (Coneflower)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, long blooming, medicinal uses.

    Euonymus (Spindle Tree)

    • Cultivation: Varies by species, generally adaptable to sun or shade and various soil types.
    • Benefits: Versatile, can be used as shrubs, ground covers, or vines.

    Euphorbia (Spurge)

    • Cultivation: Varies by species, generally prefers full sun and well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Interesting foliage and flowers, drought tolerant.

    Ferns

    • Cultivation: Generally, prefers shade and moist, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Adds texture and greenery to shade gardens, low maintenance.

    Gaillardia (Blanket Flower)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Benefits: Long blooming, attracts pollinators, easy to grow.

    Geranium (Cranesbill)

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil. Deadhead to prolong bloom.
    • Benefits: Long blooming, variety of colors and forms, attracts pollinators.

    Hakonechloa (Japanese Forest Grass)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, moist, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Ornamental grass, attractive foliage, shade tolerant.

    Helleborus (Lenten Rose)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Early blooming, shade tolerant, attractive foliage.

    Heuchera and Heucherella (Coral Bells)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Colorful foliage, shade tolerant, attracts hummingbirds.

    Hibiscus

    • Cultivation: Full sun, fertile, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Showy flowers attracts pollinators.

    Hypericum (St. John's Wort)

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Attractive flowers and berries, some have medicinal uses.

    Iris

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Variety of colors and forms, easy to grow.

    Lamiastrum (Yellow Archangel)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, adaptable to various soils. Can be invasive.
    • Benefits: Ground cover, weed suppression, attractive foliage.

    Lamium (Deadnettle)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, adaptable to various soils.
    • Benefits: Ground cover, attractive foliage, some have medicinal uses.

    Lantana

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, long blooming, variety of colors.

    Lavender

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Benefits: Fragrant flowers and foliage, attracts pollinators, culinary and medicinal uses.

    Leucanthemum (Shasta Daisy)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Deadhead to prolong bloom.
    • Benefits: Classic daisy-like flowers, attracts pollinators.

    Miscanthus (Maiden Grass)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, moist but well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Ornamental grass provides winter interest, low maintenance.

    Monarda (Bee Balm)

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, moist, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, fragrant foliage, medicinal uses.

    Muehlenbeckia (Wire Vine)

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Versatile, can be used as ground cover, climber, or in hanging baskets.

    Nepeta (Catmint)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, fragrant foliage, deters deer.

    Ophiopogon (Mondo Grass)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, adaptable to various soils.
    • Benefits: Ground cover, low maintenance, tolerates dry shade.

    Panicum (Switchgrass)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, moist but well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Ornamental grass provides winter interest, low maintenance.

    Papaver (Poppy)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Self-seeds readily.
    • Benefits: Showy flowers attracts pollinators.

    Pennisetum (Fountain Grass)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Ornamental grass, attractive plumes, provides winter interest.

    Peonies

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, fertile, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Fragrant flowers, long-lived, attractive foliage.

    Phlox

    • Cultivation: Varies by species, generally prefers full sun to part shade and well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, long blooming, variety of colors and forms.

    Platycodon (Balloon Flower)

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Unique balloon-like buds, attractive flowers.

    Rudbeckia (Black-eyed Susan)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, long blooming, easy to grow.

    Salvia (Sage)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant once established.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, long blooming, some have culinary and medicinal uses.

    Santolina (Lavender Cotton)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Benefits: Silvery foliage, aromatic, can be used as a low hedge.

    Schizachyrium (Little Bluestem)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Benefits: Native ornamental grass provides winter interest, low maintenance.

    Sedum (Stonecrop)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, low maintenance, succulent foliage.

    Stokesia (Stokes' Aster)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Long blooming, attractive flowers, attracts pollinators.

    Thymus (Thyme)

    • Cultivation: Full sun, well-drained soil. Drought tolerant.
    • Benefits: Fragrant foliage, culinary and medicinal uses, ground cover.

    Trachelospermum (Star Jasmine)

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Fragrant flowers, vining habit, can be used as a ground cover or climber.

    Veronica (Speedwell)

    • Cultivation: Full sun to part shade, well-drained soil.
    • Benefits: Attracts pollinators, long blooming, variety of forms.

    Vinca (Periwinkle)

    • Cultivation: Part shade to full shade, adaptable to various soils. Can be invasive.
    • Benefits: Ground cover, weed suppression, attractive foliage.

    This information is a general guideline. Remember to consider specific climate and growing conditions when choosing and cultivating plants. For more detailed information, research the specific species or cultivar in which you are interested.

    • Tenderness: New growth is often more tender and succulent than established plants, making it easier to digest and more appealing to deer.
    • Higher Nutritional Value: Young plants often have higher concentrations of nitrogen and other nutrients, which are essential for deer, especially in spring when they are replenishing their bodies after winter.
    • Scent: Freshly disturbed soil and the scent of new growth may attract deer. They have a keen sense of smell and can detect these changes in their environment.
    • Visual Appeal: Freshly planted areas often contrast with the surrounding landscape, making them more visible and enticing to deer.

    Think like a deer: Imagine you have been eating dry, wintery food for months. Suddenly, there is a buffet of tender, nutrient-rich greens! That is what a freshly planted garden looks like to a deer.

    Protecting your plants:

    Since deer are particularly drawn to new plantings, it is crucial to take extra precautions during this vulnerable stage. Here are some tips:

    • Repellents: Apply deer repellents regularly, especially after rain or watering.
    • Physical Barriers: Use fencing, netting, or other physical barriers to protect vulnerable plants.
    • Strategic Planting: Place fewer appealing plants around the perimeter of your garden to deter deer from entering.
    • Distraction: Plant a "deer garden" in a separate area with plants they love to divert their attention.

    By understanding what attracts deer to your freshly planted treasures, you can take proactive steps to protect them and enjoy a thriving garden.

    Tired of battling deer and rabbits for your beautiful blooms? While no plant is completely immune to these persistent pests, many perennials are naturally less appealing to their tastes. Here is a selection of tough and unappetizing plants that deer and rabbits tend to avoid:

    Alliums (Ornamental Onions)

    Alliums boast striking globe-shaped flower clusters that attract pollinators, but their oniony flavor is a major turn-off for deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full to Part Sun
    • Zones: 4-8
    • Blooms: Mid - Late Summer

    Nepeta (Catmint)

    This fragrant member of the mint family releases a potent aroma that deters deer and rabbits. As a bonus, it is a favorite of our feline friends!

    • Sun: Full Sun
    • Zones: 3-8
    • Blooms: Early - Midsummer

    Kniphofia (Red Hot Poker)

    With their fiery hues of red, orange, and yellow, these unique, spiky flowers add a dramatic touch to your garden while remaining unpalatable to hungry herbivores.

    • Sun: Full Sun
    • Zones: 5b-9
    • Blooms: Early - Late Summer

    Lavandula (Lavender)

    The soothing scent of lavender is a delight to humans, but deer and rabbits find its strong fragrance overwhelming.

    • Sun: Full Sun
    • Zones: 5-9
    • Blooms: Early - Late Summer

    Achillea (Yarrow)

    Yarrow's aromatic foliage and feathery texture are not on the menu for deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full Sun
    • Zones: 3-8
    • Blooms: Early - Late Summer

    Aconitum (Monkshood)

    This striking plant, also known as Wolfsbane, is highly toxic to both animals and humans. While beautiful, handle with care and keep out of reach of children and pets.

    • Sun: Full to Part Sun
    • Zones: 4-8
    • Blooms: Late Summer - Early Fall

    Anemone

    These charming fall-blooming flowers are generally ignored by deer and rabbits, allowing you to enjoy their delicate beauty.

    • Sun: Full Sun to Part Shade
    • Zones: 4-8
    • Blooms: Late Summer - Early Fall

    Euphorbia (Spurge)

    Euphorbia's milky sap is a strong deterrent to deer and rabbits. While generally safe, it can irritate sensitive skin, so handle with gloves.

    • Sun: Full to Part Sun
    • Zones: 4-8
    • Blooms: Late Spring

    Epimedium (Barrenwort)

    This shade-loving perennial with delicate flowers is not a preferred food source for deer.

    • Sun: Full to Part Shade
    • Zones: 5-8
    • Blooms: Mid - Late Spring

    Delphinium (Larkspur)

    These elegant spires of blue, purple, white, and pink flowers add vertical interest to your garden and are typically left alone by deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full to Part Sun
    • Zones: 3-7
    • Blooms: Early Summer

    Autumn Fern

    Most ferns, including the Autumn Fern, are unpalatable to deer and rabbits, making them ideal choices for shady areas.

    • Sun: Full to Part Shade
    • Zones: 5-9
    • Blooms: Grown for Foliage

    Alchemilla (Lady's Mantle)

    The fuzzy leaves of Lady's Mantle are a texture that deer and rabbits tend to avoid.

    • Sun: Full Sun to Part Shade
    • Zones: 3-7
    • Blooms: Late Spring - Early Summer

    Hardy Geranium

    Unlike their annual counterparts, Hardy Geraniums have slightly scented foliage that deer and rabbits find unpleasant.

    • Sun: Full Sun to Part Shade
    • Zones: 4-8
    • Blooms: Early - Late Summer

    Artemisia

    The silvery foliage and fuzzy texture of Artemisia are typically unappealing to deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full Sun
    • Zones: 3-7
    • Blooms: Grown for Foliage

    Helleborus (Lenten Rose)

    These early bloomers bring cheer to the late winter garden and are toxic to both animals and humans, so admire their beauty but handle with care.

    • Sun: Full Sun to Full Shade
    • Zones: 4-9
    • Blooms: Late Winter - Early Spring

    Astilbe

    Astilbe's feathery plumes and shade tolerance make it a versatile garden favorite, and its unpleasant taste keeps it off the deer and rabbit menu.

    • Sun: Full Sun to Full Shade
    • Zones: 4-9
    • Blooms: Mid - Late Summer

    Cerastium (Snow in Summer)

    This groundcover with woolly leaves is a natural deterrent to hungry herbivores.

    • Sun: Full Sun
    • Zones: 3-7
    • Blooms: Late Spring - Early Summer

    Perennial Salvia

    Like other members of the mint family, Salvia's strong fragrance keeps deer and rabbits at bay.

    • Sun: Full Sun
    • Zones: 3-8
    • Blooms: Late Spring - Early Summer

    Digitalis (Foxglove)

    Foxglove's tall, elegant spires of bell-shaped flowers are a beautiful addition to the garden, but their toxicity keeps them safe from deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full to Part Sun
    • Zones: 4-9
    • Blooms: Early Summer

    Cimicifuga (Black Snakeroot)

    This shade-loving perennial is poisonous and generally avoided by deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full to Part Shade
    • Zones: 4-8
    • Blooms: Late Summer - Early Fall

    Asarum (Wild Ginger)

    While not the culinary ginger we use in cooking, this shade-loving groundcover is toxic and deer and rabbit resistant.

    • Sun: Full to Part Shade
    • Zones: (5)6-9
    • Blooms: Early Spring

    Siberian Iris

    The strong fragrance of Siberian Irises is a deterrent to deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full to Part Sun
    • Zones: 3-9
    • Blooms: Early Summer

    Liriope (Blue Lily-turf)

    This grass-like groundcover is a low-maintenance option that deer and rabbits tend to avoid.

    • Sun: Full Sun to Full Shade
    • Zones: 5-10
    • Blooms: Midsummer

    Pulmonaria (Lungwort)

    Lungwort's coarse, hairy leaves are unappealing to deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full to Part Shade
    • Zones: 3-9
    • Blooms: Late Spring

    Ophiopogon (Black Mondo Grass)

    This striking black-leaved perennial is highly deer resistant and adds a unique touch to the garden.

    • Sun: Full Sun to Part Shade
    • Zones: 5-9
    • Blooms: Grown for Foliage

    Yucca (Adam's Needle)

    While the flowers may be tempting, the spiky foliage of Yucca is a strong deterrent to deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full to Part Sun
    • Zones: (4)5-10
    • Blooms: Early - Midsummer

    Stachys (Betony)

    This member of the mint family releases a fragrance that deer and rabbits dislike.

    • Sun: Full to Part Sun
    • Zones: 4-8
    • Blooms: Early - Midsummer

    Ostrich Fern

    This rapid-spreading fern is a great choice for shady areas and is typically avoided by deer and rabbits.

    • Sun: Full Sun to Full Shade
    • Zones: 3-7
    • Blooms: Grown for Foliage

    Sempervivum (Hens and Chicks)

    These charming succulents are low-maintenance and generally deer and rabbit resistant.

    • Sun: Full Sun
    • Zones: 3-8
    • Blooms: Midsummer

    By incorporating these deer and rabbit resistant perennials into your garden, you can create a beautiful and resilient landscape that is less likely to become a buffet for hungry herbivores. Remember that individual deer and rabbit preferences can vary, so it is always a good idea to monitor your garden and adjust your planting strategy as needed.

    Deer Resistant Perennial Plants FAQ

    Deer-resistant perennial plants are those that are less likely to be eaten by deer. Deer are herbivores and will eat a variety of plants, but they tend to avoid plants that are unpalatable, toxic, or spiny. Some common characteristics of deer-resistant plants include:

    • Hairy or fuzzy foliage: The hairs or fuzz irritate deer's mouths and digestive systems.
    • Strong or unpleasant smells: Many deer-resistant plants have strong scents, such as lavender, sage, or rosemary, that deer find unappealing.
    • Bitter or soapy taste: Deer have a keen sense of taste and will avoid plants that taste bitter or soapy.
    • Tough or leathery leaves: These leaves are difficult for deer to chew and digest.

    It is important to note that no plant is truly deer-proof, especially if there is a food shortage. However, planting deer-resistant perennials can help to reduce the amount of damage that deer do to your garden.

    Here are some examples of deer-resistant perennial plants:

    • Columbine: These delicate flowers come in a variety of colors and bloom in late spring and early summer.
    • Coneflower: These daisy-like flowers come in a variety of colors and bloom from midsummer to fall.
    • Lavender: This fragrant herb has beautiful purple flowers and blooms in late spring and early summer.
    • Peony: These large, showy flowers come in a variety of colors and bloom in late spring.
    • Yarrow: This easy-to-grow perennial has flat clusters of yellow flowers and blooms from summer to fall.

    When choosing deer-resistant perennials, it is important to consider the amount of sunlight, moisture, and soil type in your garden. You should also choose plants that are appropriate for your USDA hardiness zone.

    Choosing the right deer-resistant perennial plants for your garden requires considering several factors. Here is a guide to help you make informed decisions:

    1. Consider your local deer population:

    • Deer pressure: How severe is the deer problem in your area? Frequent visitors require more resistant plants than occasional browsers.
    • Deer species: Knowing the primary deer species in your area helps target your plant choices. For example, white-tailed deer have different preferences than mule deer.

    2. Think about your garden conditions:

    • Sunlight: Choose plants that thrive in the amount of sunlight your garden receives (full sun, partial shade, etc.).
    • Soil type and moisture: Opt for plants suited to your soil's drainage, pH, and moisture levels.
    • USDA Hardiness Zone: Select plants that can withstand the winter temperatures in your zone.

    3. Research specific plant characteristics:

    • Deer resistance level: Not all deer-resistant plants are created equal. Some are highly unpalatable, while others might be nibbled occasionally under pressure. Read about individual plant resistance levels.
    • Bloom time and color: Choose plants with staggered bloom times to create year-round visual interest. Consider color palettes that complement your garden design.
    • Height and spread: Select plants that fit your desired design layout and mature size limitations.
    • Maintenance needs: Consider your time and effort availability. Choose plants with minimal maintenance requirements if needed.

    4. Consult reliable resources:

    • Local nurseries and garden centers: Their staff can provide recommendations based on your specific location and conditions.
    • Gardening websites and publications: Look for reputable sources with information on deer-resistant plants and gardening in your region.
    • Native plant societies: Consider incorporating native plants, which are often naturally deer-resistant and support local ecosystems.

    5. Remember, no plant is 100% deer-proof:

    • Multiple strategies: Combine deer-resistant plants with other deterrents like fencing, motion-activated sprinklers, or repellents (as a last resort).
    • Plant diversity: A diverse garden with various textures and scents can be less appealing to deer than a monoculture.
    • Monitor and adapt: Observe your garden and adjust your approach if needed. Experiment with different plants and deterrents to find what works best for you.

    By following these steps and conducting thorough research, you can choose deer-resistant perennial plants that thrive in your garden and provide lasting beauty while minimizing deer damage.

    Here are some effective deer-resistant perennial plants based on their level of resistance and diverse characteristics:

    Highly Deer-Resistant:

    • Columbine: Delicate, colorful flowers in spring and summer. Full sun to part shade.
    • Lavender: Fragrant purple flowers and beautiful foliage. Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Catmint: Attractive to pollinators, blooms mid-summer to fall. Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Yarrow: Flat clusters of yellow flowers, blooms summer to fall. Full sun, adaptable to various soil types.
    • Baptisia: Showy indigo flowers, attracts bees and butterflies. Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Russian Sage: Spiky purple flowers, long bloom time. Full sun, dry soil.
    • Coreopsis: Cheerful yellow daisy-like flowers. Full sun, well-drained soil.

    Moderately Deer-Resistant:

    • Coneflower: Daisy-like flowers in various colors, blooms mid-summer to fall. Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Daylily: Easy-care with trumpet-shaped blooms in summer. Deer do love the blooms. Full sun to part shade, various soil types.
    • Liatris: Spiky purple flowers, attracts butterflies. Full sun, well-drained soil.
    • Astilbe: Feathery plumes of flowers in various colors, shade tolerant. Moist soil.
    • Salvia: Diverse genus with various flower colors and bloom times. Sun to part shade, well-drained soil.

    Remember:

    • Deer pressure and preferences vary, so what works for one gardener might not be foolproof for another.
    • Combine deer-resistant plants with other deterrents like fencing or repellents for stronger protection.
    • Native plants are often naturally deer-resistant and benefit local ecosystems.

    I hope this partial list helps you find effective deer-resistant perennial plants for your garden!

    Here are some top performers:

    • Catmint (Nepeta): This fragrant favorite blooms for weeks, even months, with beautiful purple-blue flowers. It is low-maintenance, drought-tolerant, and deer turn their noses up at it. 'Walker's Low' is a popular cultivar.
    • Russian Sage (Perovskia atriplicifolia):  With its airy, silvery foliage and long wands of lavender-blue flowers, Russian sage provides color from mid-summer to fall. It is drought-tolerant and deer resistant due to its strong scent.
    • Yarrow (Achillea millefolium):  Yarrow offers a long bloom season with clusters of colorful flowers in shades of white, yellow, pink, and red. Its fern-like foliage is also deer-resistant.
    • Coneflower (Echinacea purpurea): These cheerful daisies with prominent cones bloom for weeks in mid to late summer. They are drought-tolerant, attract pollinators, and are generally avoided by deer.
    • Black-Eyed Susan (Rudbeckia fulgida):  These golden-yellow daisies with dark centers are a classic for a reason. They bloom profusely from mid-summer to fall and are quite deer resistant. 'Goldsturm' is a popular cultivar.
    • Salvia (Salvia spp.):  Many Salvia varieties, like 'May Night' and 'Caradonna', offer long-lasting blooms in shades of blue, purple, and red. Their aromatic foliage is unappealing to deer.
    • Baptisia (Baptisia australis):  Also known as false indigo, Baptisia has striking blue-purple flower spikes in late spring and early summer, followed by interesting seed pods. It is drought-tolerant and deer-resistant.

    Tips for Prolonging Bloom:

    • Deadheading: Remove spent flowers to encourage more blooms.
    • Proper care: Provide adequate sunlight, water, and fertilizer to keep plants healthy and vigorous.
    • Successive planting: Plant varieties with different bloom times to ensure continuous color throughout the season.

    By choosing these long-blooming, deer-resistant perennials, you can enjoy a beautiful and low-maintenance garden that stays vibrant all season long, even with those annoying deer around!

    There are many benefits to planting deer-resistant perennial plants in your garden. Here are some of the most important:

    • o   Protect your plants from deer damage: Deer can be a real nuisance for gardeners, as they love to munch on a variety of plants. By planting deer-resistant perennials, you can help to deter deer from your garden and protect your other plants from being eaten.
    • o   Reduce the need for fencing or repellents: If you do not have deer-resistant plants, you may need to install fencing or use repellents to keep deer out of your garden. These can be expensive and time-consuming to maintain, so planting deer-resistant perennials can save you money and effort.
    • o   Create a beautiful and low-maintenance garden: Deer-resistant perennials come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and sizes, so you can create a beautiful and unique garden that you will love. They are also generally low-maintenance, so you will not have to spend a lot of time caring for them.
    • o   Attract pollinators: Many deer-resistant perennials are also attractive to pollinators, such as bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. This can help to create a healthy and balanced ecosystem in your garden.
    • o   Save money on deer control: As mentioned before, deer fencing, and repellents can be expensive. By planting deer-resistant perennials, you can avoid these costs altogether.
    • o   Enjoy your garden more: When you do not have to worry about deer damaging your plants, you can relax and enjoy your garden more.
    • o   Help the environment: Deer can damage native plants and ecosystems. By planting deer-resistant perennials, you can help to protect native plants and create a more sustainable garden.
    • o   Wide variety to choose from: There are many different types of deer-resistant perennials available, so you can find ones that fit your gardening style and preferences.
    • o   Deer resistant plants are often low-maintenance: Once established, deer-resistant perennials typically require little care, making them a good choice for busy gardeners.
    • o   You can feel good about knowing you are doing your part to protect wildlife: By planting deer-resistant perennials, you can help to create a more wildlife-friendly garden.

    Overall, planting deer-resistant perennial plants is a great way to protect your garden, create a beautiful and low-maintenance landscape, and attract pollinators. If you are looking for a way to improve your garden, I highly recommend trying them.

    While there are many deer-resistant perennials, it is also important to know what they love to munch on! This can help you protect those vulnerable plants or avoid them altogether if deer pressure is high in your area.

    Here are some perennials that deer find particularly delicious:

    • Hostas: These shade-loving plants with their lush foliage are like candy to deer. They are often one of the first to be devoured.
    • Daylilies (Hemerocallis): Despite their beauty and variety, daylilies are a favorite food source for deer.
    • Tulips: These spring-blooming bulbs are a tasty treat for deer, who often eat the flowers and foliage before they even have a chance to bloom.
    • Roses: While some rose varieties are more resistant than others, deer generally enjoy their tender leaves and buds.
    • English Ivy (Hedera helix): This popular groundcover is a deer delicacy, especially in winter when other food sources are scarce.
    • Pansies: These cheerful flowers are a common target for deer, who enjoy their tender petals and leaves.
    • Impatiens: These shade-loving annuals (often grown as perennials in warm climates) are another favorite snack for deer.

    Factors influencing deer preferences:

    • Season: Deer preferences can change depending on the season and the availability of other food sources. In spring, they may be more attracted to tender new growth, while in fall, they may focus on fruits and berries.
    • Location: Deer in different areas may have different tastes, depending on the local vegetation.
    • Deer population: In areas with high deer populations, deer may be more likely to eat plants that they would normally avoid.

    If you are struggling with deer damage in your garden, consider using a combination of deer-resistant plants, repellents, and physical barriers to protect your precious perennials.

    Smart gardening techniques can significantly reduce deer damage and help you enjoy a beautiful and thriving garden. Here is a multi-pronged approach incorporating different strategies:  

    1. Plant Selection:

    • Deer-Resistant Varieties: As we discussed, prioritize perennials that deer typically avoid. Consider these factors:
    • Fragrance: Strong scents like those found in lavender, rosemary, and catmint often deter deer.
    • Texture: Fuzzy leaves (lamb's ears), spiny foliage (barberry), or tough, leathery leaves (yucca) are less appealing.
    • Taste: Bitter or toxic plants are usually avoided (but be cautious if you have pets or children).
    • Diversity: A diverse garden with a variety of plants can confuse deer and make it harder for them to find their preferred targets.

    2. Physical Barriers:

    • Fencing: While deer can jump high, an 8-foot fence is usually effective. Consider angled fencing, which makes it harder for them to gain a foothold.
    • Netting: Use netting to protect individual plants or small beds. Be sure it is secured tightly to prevent deer from getting entangled.
    • Repellent Mats: Spiky mats placed around plants can discourage deer from stepping close.

    3. Sensory Deterrents:

    • Motion-Activated Sprinklers: These startle deer with a sudden burst of water when they approach.
    • Noisemakers: Wind chimes, rattling cans, or ultrasonic devices can disrupt deer and make them feel uneasy.
    • Reflective Surfaces: Hanging CDs, aluminum pie plates, or reflective tape can scare deer with unexpected flashes of light.

    4. Scent and Taste Repellents:

    • Commercial Repellents: Many commercial sprays and granules are available, containing ingredients that deer find unpleasant. Reapply frequently, especially after rain.
    • Homemade Repellents: Try mixtures of garlic, hot pepper, eggs, or soap. These need to be reapplied often and may have limited effectiveness.

    5. Other Smart Strategies:

    • Timing: Plant vulnerable species in late spring or early summer, after the peak deer feeding period in spring.
    • Location: Plant deer favorites closer to your house or in areas that are more easily monitored.
    • Cleanliness: Remove fallen fruit, vegetables, and flowers promptly, as these can attract deer.
    • Community Effort: Talk to your neighbors about deer problems and work together on solutions.

    Important Notes:

    • Rotate tactics: Deer can become habituated to one method, so it is best to use a combination and switch them up periodically.
    • Persistence is key: Deer can be persistent, so do not give up if you do not see results immediately. Keep experimenting until you find what works best for your garden.

    By implementing these smart gardening practices, you can create a beautiful and thriving garden that is less attractive to deer, allowing you to enjoy the fruits (and flowers!) of your labor.

    Digitalis purpurea Common Foxglove Biennials
    Allium sp. Ornamental Onion Bulbs
    Colchicum sp. Autumn Crocus Bulbs
    Endymion sp. Bluebell Bulbs
    Eranthus hyemalis Winter Aconite Bulbs
    Fritilaria imperialis Crown Imperial, Fritilia Bulbs
    Galanthus nivalis Snowdrops Bulbs
    Narcissus sp. Daffodil Bulbs
    Scilla siberica Siberian Squill Bulbs
    Athyrium goeringianum (nipponicum) Japanese Painted Fern Ferns
    Cyrtomium falcatum Holly Fern Ferns
    Dennstaedtia punctilobula Hayscented Fern Ferns
    Dryopteris marginalis Wood Fern Ferns
    Matteuccia struthiopteris Ostrich Fern Ferns
    Onoclea sensibilis Sensitive Fern Ferns
    Osmunda cinnamomea Cinnamon Fern Ferns
    Osmunda regalis Royal Fern Ferns
    Polystichum arcostichoides Christmas Fern Ferns
    Thelyptens noveboracensis New York Fern Ferns
    Aegopodium podagaria Bishop's Weed Groundcovers
    Ajuga reptans Bugleweed Groundcovers
    Arctostaphylos uva-ursi Bearberry Groundcovers
    Convallaria majalis Lily of the Valley Groundcovers
    Epimedium sp. Barrenwort Groundcovers
    Galium odoratum (Asperula odorata) Sweet Woodruff Groundcovers
    Lamium sp. Spotted Deadnettle Groundcovers
    Pachysandra procumbens Allegheny Spurge Groundcovers
    Pachysandra terminalis Pachysandra Groundcovers
    Acorus sp. Japanese Sweet Flag Ornamental Grasses
    Andropogon sp. Big Bluestem Ornamental Grasses
    Arrhenatherum elatius Varigated Oat Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Arundo donax Giant Reed Ornamental Grasses
    Calamagrostis sp. Feather Reed Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Carex sp. Japanese Sedge Ornamental Grasses
    Chasmanthium latifolium Northern Sea Oats Ornamental Grasses
    Cortaderia selloana Pampus Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Eragrostus curvula Weeping Love Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Erianthus ravennae Ravenna Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Fargesia sp. Clump Bamboo Ornamental Grasses
    Festuca glauca Blue Fescue Ornamental Grasses
    Hakonechloa macra Hakonechloa Ornamental Grasses
    Helictotrichon sempervirens Blue Oat Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Imperata cylindrica Japanese Blood Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Juncus effusus Hard Rush Ornamental Grasses
    Koeleria glauca Large Blue June Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Leymus arenarius glaucous Lyme Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Miscanthus floridulis Giant Japanese Silver Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Miscanthus sinensis Japanese Silver Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Molinia caerulea Purple Moor Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Molinia caerulea 'Variegata' Variegated Purple Moor Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Panicum virgatum Switch Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Pennisetum alopecuroides Fountain Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Pennisetum orientale Oriental Fountain Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Phyllostachys aurea Golden Bamboo Ornamental Grasses
    Schizachyrium scoparium Little Bluestem Ornamental Grasses
    Sorghastrum nutans Indian Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Aconitum sp. Monkshood Perennials
    Agastache sp. Anise Hyssop Perennials
    Allium sp. Ornamental Onion Perennials
    Arabis caucasica Rock-Cress Perennials
    Arisaema triphylum Jack-in-the-pulpit Perennials
    Armoracia rusticana Horseradish Perennials
    Artemisia dracunculus Tarragon Perennials
    Artemisia sp. Silver Mound Perennials
    Asarum canadense Wild Ginger Perennials
    Asarum europaeum European Ginger Perennials
    Aubretia deltoidea Purple Rock-Cress Perennials
    Aurinia saxatilis Basket of Gold Perennials
    Baptisia australis False Indigo Perennials
    Bruneria macrophylla (Brunnera) Siberian Bugloss Perennials
    Cactaceae sp. Cactus Perennials
    Coreopsis verticillata Threadleaf Coreopsis Perennials
    Corydalis sp. Corydalis Perennials
    Dicentra eximia Fringed Bleeding Heart Perennials
    Dicentra spectabilis Bleeding Heart Perennials
    Echinops ritro Small Globe Thistle Perennials
    Euphorbia sp. (except 'Chameleon') Spurge Perennials
    Helleborus sp. Lenten or Christmas Rose Perennials
    Hesperis matronalis Dame's Rocket Perennials
    Hyssopus officinalis Hyssop Perennials
    Iris sp. Iris Perennials
    Lavandula sp. Lavendar Perennials
    Ligularia dentata Bigleaf Goldenray Perennials
    Ligularia 'The Rocket' Rocket Ligularia Perennials
    Limonium latifolium Statice Perennials
    Linaria vulgaris Butter & Eggs Perennials
    Lychnis coronaria Rose Campion Perennials
    Majorana Marjoram Perennials
    Marrubium vulgare Horehound Perennials
    Melissa officinalis Lemon Balm Perennials
    Mentha sp. Mint Perennials
    Myosotis sp. Forget-Me-Not Perennials
    Nepeta sp. Catmint Perennials
    Origanum sp. Oregano Perennials
    Paeonia sp. Peony Perennials
    Perovskio atriplicifolia Russian Sage Perennials
    Phlomis sp. Greek Jerusalem Sage Perennials
    Podophyllum May Apple Perennials
    Potentilla sp. Potentilla, Cinquefoil Perennials
    Pulmonaria sp. Lungwort Perennials
    Ranunculus sp. Buttercup Perennials
    Rodgersia sp. Rodgers Flower Perennials
    Ruta sp. Rue Perennials
    Salvia officinalis Garden Sage Perennials
    Santolina chamaecyparissus Lavender-Cotton Perennials
    Stachys byzantina Lamb's Ear Perennials
    Tanacetum vulgare Common Tansy Perennials
    Teucrium chamaedrys Germander Perennials
    Thalictrum sp. Meadow Rue Perennials
    Thymus sp. Thyme Perennials
    Yucca filimentosa Yucca Perennials

     

    Dianthus barbatus Sweet William Biennials
    Lunaria annua Money Plant Biennials
    Myosotis alpestris Forget-Me-Not Biennials
    Camassia leichtlini Camassia Bulbs
    Canna sp. Canna Lily Bulbs
    Colocasia esculenta Elephant Ear Bulbs
    Crocus sp. Crocus Bulbs
    Gladiolus sp. Gladiolus Bulbs
    Gloriosa superba Glory Lily Bulbs
    Hyacinthus sp. Hyacinth Bulbs
    Muscari sp. Grape Hyacinth Bulbs
    Oxalis sp. Wood Sorrel Bulbs
    Zantedeschia sp. Calla Lily Bulbs
    Ceratostigma plumbaginoides Plumbago Groundcovers
    Gaultheria procumbens Creeping Wintergreen Groundcovers
    Liriope sp. Lilyturf Groundcovers
    Vinca major Large Periwinkle Groundcovers
    Vinca minor Periwinkle Groundcovers
    Bambusa sp. Bamboo Ornamental Grasses
    Carex pendula Drooping Sedge Ornamental Grasses
    Hystrix patula Bottlebrush Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Ophiopogon japonicus Dwarf Mondo Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Phalaris arundinaceae Ribbon Grass Ornamental Grasses
    Scirpus lacustris Sedge Ornamental Grasses
    Achillea filipendulina Yarrow Perennials
    Achillea millefolium Common Yarrow Perennials
    Agapanthus sp. African Lily Perennials
    Alchemilla sp. Ladys' Mantle Perennials
    Anchusa sp. Bugloss Perennials
    Anemone x hybrida Japanese Anemone Perennials
    Anemonella thalictroides Rue Anemone Perennials
    Aquilegia sp. Columbine Perennials
    Armeria maritima Sea Thrift Perennials
    Asclepias incarnata Swamp Milkweed Perennials
    Asclepias tuberosa Butterfly Weed Perennials
    Asparagus officinalis Asparagus Perennials
    Aster sp. Aster Perennials
    Astilbe sp. Astilbe Perennials
    Bergenia sp. Heartleaf Bergenia Perennials
    Boltonia asteroides White Boltonia Perennials
    Cerastium Snow-in-Summer Perennials
    Chrysanthemum parthenium Feverfew Perennials
    Cimcifuga sp. Snakeroot, Bugbane Perennials
    Coreopsis lanceolata Lance Coreopsis Perennials
    Croscosmia sp. Crocosmia Perennials
    Cyclamen sp. Cyclamen Perennials
    Delphinium sp. Delphinium Perennials
    Dianthus sp. Carnation, Pinks Perennials
    Dictamus alba Gas Plant Perennials
    Digitalis grandiflora Yellow Foxglove Perennials
    Echinacea purpurea Purple Coneflower Perennials
    Erythronium Trout Lily Perennials
    Eupatorium coelestinurn Mist Flower Perennials
    Eupatorium rugosum White Snakeroot Perennials
    Geranium macrorrhizum Hardy Geranium Perennials
    Gypsophila sp. Baby's Breath Perennials
    Helenium autumnale Sneezeweed Perennials
    Heuchera sp. Coralbells Perennials
    Hypericum calycinum St. John's Wort Perennials
    Iberis sempervirens Candytuft Perennials
    Kirengeshoma palmata Yellow Wax-Bells Perennials
    Kniphofia tritoma Red-Hot Poker Perennials
    Liatris sp. Blazing Star Perennials
    Lobelia sp. Cardinal Flower Perennials
    Lupinus sp. Lupine Perennials
    Lychnis chalcedonica Maltese Cross Perennials
    Macleaya cordata Plume Poppy Perennials
    Mertensia virginica Virginia Bluebells Perennials
    Monarda didyma Beebalm Perennials
    Papaver orientale Oriental Poppy Perennials
    Patrinia scabiosifolia Patrinia Perennials
    Physostegia sp. Obedient Plant Perennials
    Polemonium caeruleum Jacob's Ladder Perennials
    Primula sp. Primrose Perennials
    Rheum rhabarbarum Rhubarb Perennials
    Rudbeckia sp. Black-Eyed Susan Perennials
    Salvia nemorosa Meadow Sage Perennials
    Saponaria sp. Soapwort Perennials
    Satureja montana Savory Perennials
    Scabiosa caucasica Pincushin Flower Perennials
    Sempervivum sp. Hens and Chickens Perennials
    Solidago sp. Goldenrod Perennials
    Stokesia laevis Stokes' Aster Perennials
    Symplocarpos foetidus Skunk Cabbage Perennials
    Tiarella cordifolia Foam Flower Perennials
    Tradescantia sp. Spiderwort Perennials
    Tricyrtis hirta Toad Lily Perennials
    Trillium sp. Trillium Perennials
    Verbascum sp. Mullein Perennials
    Veronica sp. Speedwell Perennials
    Viola sp. Violets Perennials
    Celastrus scandens American Bittersweet Vines
    Jasminum nudiflorum Winter Jasmine Vines
    Wisteria floribunda Wisteria Vines
    Campanula medium Canterbury Bells Biennials
    Caladium sp. Caladium Bulbs
    Lilium sp. Garden Lily Bulbs
    Euonymus fortunei Wintercreeper Groundcovers
    Hedera helix English Ivy Groundcovers
    Alcea sp. Hollyhock Perennials
    Aruncus sp. Goat's Beard Perennials
    Begonia grandis Hardy Begonia Perennials
    Bellis perennis English Daisy Perennials
    Campanula glomerata Bellflower Perennials
    Centaurea montana Mountain Bluet Perennials
    Chelone sp. Pink Turtlehead Perennials
    Chrysanthemum Fall Mums Perennials
    Chrysanthemum superbum Shasta Daisy Perennials
    Erigeron sp. Fleabane Perennials
    Euphorbia dulcis 'Chameleon' Spurge Perennials
    Filipendula sp. Meadowsweet Perennials
    Gaillardia sp. Blanket Flower Perennials
    Geranium clarkei Hardy Geranium Perennials
    Geranium sanguineum Hardy Geranium Perennials
    Geranium x cantabrigiense Hardy Geranium Perennials
    Geum sp. Geum, Avens Perennials
    Hemerocallis sp. Daylily Perennials
    Hibiscus moscheutos Rose Mallow Perennials
    Leucanthemum maximum Shasta Daisy Perennials
    Lysimachia clethroides Gooseneck Loosestrife Perennials
    Lythrum sp. Purple Loosestrife Perennials
    Oenethera sp. Sundrops Perennials
    Penstemon sp. Penstemon Perennials
    Phlox sp. Phlox Perennials
    Platycodon grandiflorus Balloon Flower Perennials
    Polygonatum sp. Solomon's Seal Perennials
    Sedum spectabile Showy Sedum Perennials
    Sidalcia malviflora Checkermallow Perennials
    Symphytum officinale Comfrey Perennials
    Trollius sp. Globeflower Perennials
    Campsis radicans Trumpet Creeper Vines
    Clematis sp. Clematis Vines
    Hedera helix English Ivy Vines
    Hydrangea anomala petiolaris Climbing Hydrangea Vines
    Lonicera x heckrottii Goldflame Honeysuckle Vines
    Parthenocissus quinquifolia Virginia Creeper Vines