Perennial Families
To understand how botanical names are applied, it is necessary briefly to describe how plants are classified, since the units into which they are separated determine the structure of names.
The basic unit of plant classification is the species which can be defined as a group of interbreeding individuals producing more-or-less similar offspring and differing from other similar groups by a number of key characters.
Species which share a number of significant features are grouped together to form a genus. The characteristics of a genus are often quite easy to recognize, making this perhaps the most generally useful level at which plants can be identified for practical purposes. It is common for a plant to be referred to as, for instance, Malva sp., the sp. being an abbreviation of species and indicating an unidentified species of a particular genus. Genera can vary in size from a single species to over a thousand, depending on their distinctive characteristics.
Genera are grouped into larger entities called families. Although families may appear at first to be of only academic interest, knowledge of the family to which an unknown plant belongs can give an indication of the conditions required for successful cultivation.
| Family | Genus | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Acoraceae | Acorus | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Actinidiaceae | Actinidia, Clematoclethra | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Adianthaceae | Adiantum, Cheilanthes, Cryptogramma, Doryopteris, Mildella, Pellaea | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Agavaceae | Agave, Beschorneria, Cordyline, Furcraea, Hesperaloe, Yucca | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Aizoaceae | Aptenia, Carpobrotus, Chasmatophyllum, Delosperma, Lampranthus, Malephora, Mesembryanthemum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Alismataceae | Alisma, Baldellia, Echinodorus, Luronium, Sagittaria | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Alliaceae | Agapanthus, Allium, Nectaroscordum, Nothoscordum, Triteleia, Tulbaghia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Aloaceae | Aloe | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Alstroemeriaceae | Alstroemeria | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Amaryllidaceae | Clivia, Crinum, Habranthus, Hymenocallis, Leucojum, Lycoris, Zephyranthes | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Apiaceae | Aciphylla, Aegopodium, Ammi, Anethum, Angelica, Anthriscus, Apium, Astrantia, Athamanta, Azorella, Berula, Bolax, Bunium, Bupleurum, Carum, Centella, Chaerophyllum, Cicuta, Crithmum, Cryptotaenia, Eryngium, Ferula, Foeniculum, Hacquetia, Heracleum, Hydrocotyle, Laserpitium, Levisticum, Ligusticum, Lomatium, Meum, Myrrhis, Oenanthe, Olymposciadium, Osmorhiza, Pastinaca, Petroselinum, Peucedanum, Pimpinella, Sanicula, Saposhnikovia, Selinum, Seseli, Sium, Smyrnium, Zizia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Apocynaceae | Adenium, Allamanda, Amsonia, Apocynum, Beaumontia, Carissa, Catharanthus, Dipladenia, Elytropus, Mandevilla, Nerium, Pachypodium, Plumeria, Rhazya, Strophanthus, Tabernaemontana, Thevetia, Trachelospermum, Vinca | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Aquifoliaceae | Ilex | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Araceae | Alocasia, Amorphophallus, Arisaema, Arisarum, Arum, Calla, Colocasia, Dracunculus, Lysichiton, Monstera, Orontium, Peltandra, Philodendron, Pinellia, Pistia, Sauromatum, Symplocarpus, Zantedeschia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Araliaceae | Acanthopanax, Aralia, Brassaia, Cussonia, Dendropanax, Eleutherococcus, Fatshedera, Fatsia, Hedera, Kalopanax, Meryta, Nothopanax, Oplopanax, Panax, Pseudopanax, Schefflera, Tetrapanax | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Araucariaceae | Araucaria | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Arecaceae | Archontophoenix, Arecastrum, Brahea, Butia, Caryota, Chamaerops, Cocos, Copernicia, Erythea, Howea, Juania, Jubaea, Kentia, Livistona, Phoenix, Ptychosperma, Rhapidophyllum, Rhapis, Rhopalostylis, Roystonea, Sabal, Syagrus, Trachycarpus, Trithrinax, Washingtonia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Aristolochiaceae | Aristolochia, Asarum, Hexastylis, Saruma | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Asclepiadaceae | Araujia, Asclepias, Cionura, Dregea, Gomphocarpus, Hoya, Oxypetalum, Periploca, Stephanotis, Tweedia, Vincetoxicum, Wattakaka | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Asparagaceae | Asparagus | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Asphodelaceae | Asphodeline, Asphodelus, Bulbinella, Eremurus, Kniphofia, Paradisea, Tritoma | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Aspleniaceae | Asplenium, Ceterach, Phyllitis | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Asteraceae | Achillea, Actinella, Adenostyles, Agathea, Ageratina, Agoseris, Ajania, Ajanthemum, Amberboa, Ammobium, Anacyclus, Anaphalis, Andryala, Antennaria, Anthemis, Aposeris, Arctanthemum, Arctotheca, Argyranthemum, Arnica, Arnoglossum, Artemisia, Aster, Asteriscus, Asteromoea, Atractylodes, Baccharis, Balsamorhiza, Bartlettina, Bellis, Bellium, Berardia, Berlandiera, Bidens, Boltonia, Brachycome, Brachyglottis, Brachyscome, Bracteantha, Buphthalmum, Cacalia, Calendula, Calimeris, Calocephalus, Carduncellus, Carlina, Cassinia, Catananche, Celmisia, Centaurea, Chamaemelum, Chartolepis, Chiliotrichum, Chlorophytum, Chrysanthemopsis, Chrysanthemum, Chrysogonum, Chrysopsis, Cicerbita, Cichorium, Cirsium, Cnicus, Coreopsis, Cosmos, Cotula, Craspedia, Cremanthodium, Crepis, Cynara, Dasyphyllum, Dendranthema, Dimorphoteca, Diuranthera, Doronicum, Echinacea, Echinops, Encelia, Erigeron, Eriocephalus, Eriophyllum, Eupatorium, Euryops, Euthamia, Ewartia, Farfugium, Felicia, Gaillardia, Gazania, Grindelia, Gymnasta, Haplocarpha, Haplopappus, Helenium, Helianthella, Helianthus, Helichrysum, Heliopsis, Hertia, Heterotheca, Hieracium, Hippolytia, Homogyne, Hymenoxys, Hypochaeris, Inula, Ixeris, Jurinea, Kalimeris, Kleinia, Krigia, Lactuca, Lasallea, Leibnitzia, Leontodon, Leontopodium, Leptinella, Leucanthemella, Leucanthemopsis, Leucanthemum, Leucogenes, Leucophyta, Leucoraoulia, Leuzea, Liatris, Ligularia, Marshallia, Matricaria, Microderis, Microglossa, Microseris, Mutisia, Nipponanthemum, Olearia, Onopordum, Osteospermum, Othonna, Othonnopsis, Ozothamnus, Packera, Parthenium, Petasites, Pilosella, Plecostachys, Prenanthes, Pseudogynoxys, Raoulia, Ratibida, Rhaponticum, Rhodanthemum, Rudbeckia, Santolina, Saussurea, Senecio, Seriphidium, Serratula, Silphium, Solidago, Solidaster, Sonchus, Stevia, Stokesia, Syneilesis, Tanacetum, Telanthophora, Telekia, Tephroseris, Thelosperma, Townsendia, Tragopogon, Tripleurospermum, Tussilago, Verbesina, Vernonia, Wedelia, Xerochrysum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Azollaceae | Azolla | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Balsaminaceae | Impatiens | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Begoniaceae | Begonia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Berberidaceae | Achlys, Berberis, Caulophyllum, Diphylleia, Epimedium, Jeffersonia, Leontice, Mahoberberis, Mahonia, Nandina, Plagiorhegma, Podophyllum, Ranzania, Vancouveria | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Betulaceae | Alnus, Betula | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Bignoniaceae | Anemopaegma, Bignonia, Campsis, Catalpa, Chilopsis, Chitalpa, Clytostoma, Distictis, Doxantha, Eccremocarpus, Incarvillea, Jacaranda, Macfadyena, Pandorea, Phaedranthus, Podranea, Pyrostegia, Tecoma, Tecomaria | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Blechnaceae | Blechnum, Woodwardia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Boraginaceae | Adelocaryum, Anchusa, Arnebia, Borago, Brunnera, Buglossoides, Cerinthe, Cynoglossum, Echium, Ehretia, Eritrichium, Heliotropium, Lindelofia, Lithodora, Lithospermum, Mertensia, Moltkia, Myosotis, Omphalodes, Onosma, Pentaglottis, Pulmonaria, Symphytum, Trachystemon | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Brassicaceae | Aethionema, Alyssoides, Alyssum, Arabis, Armoracia, Aubrieta, Aurinia, Barbarea, Biscutella, Brassica, Cakile, Cardamine, Cheiranthus, Cochlearia, Crambe, Degenia, Dentaria, Draba, Erysimum, Eunomia, Fibigia, Hesperis, Hugueninia, Hutchinsia, Iberis, Isatis, Kernera, Lepidium, Lobularia, Lunaria, Matthiola, Morisia, Nasturtium, Pachyphragma, Petrocallis, Ptilotrichum, Rorippa, Schivereckia, Sisymbrium, Thlaspi, Vella | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Butomaceae | Butomus | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Buxaceae | Buxus, Pachysandra, Sarcococca, Simmondsia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Caesalpiniaceae | Afzelia, Bauhinia, Caesalpinia, Cassia, Ceratonia, Cercis, Gleditsia, Gymnocladus, Parkinsonia, Senna | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Callitrichaceae | Callitriche | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Campanulaceae | Adenophora, Asyneuma, Azorina, Campanla, Campanula, Codonopsis, Cyananthus, Downingia, Edraianthus, Hypsela, Isotoma, Jasione, Laurentia, Lobelia, Physoplexis, Phyteuma, Platycodon, Pratia, Symphyandra, Trachelium, Wahlenbergia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Cannabaceae | Humulus | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Cannaceae | Canna | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Caryophyllaceae | Agrostemma, Arenaria, Cerastium, Colobanthus, Coronaria, Dianthus, Gypsophila, Herniaria, Lychnis, Melandrium, Minuartia, Moehringia, Paronychia, Petrocoptis, Petrorhagia, Sagina, Saponaria, Scleranthus, Silene, Stellaria, Tunica, Viscaria | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Celastraceae | Catha, Celastrus, Euonymus, Maytenus, Pachistima, Paxistima, Tripterygium | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Cistaceae | Cistus, Fumana, Halimiocistus, Halimium, Helianthemum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Clusiaceae | Hypericum, Triadenum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Colchicaceae | Colchicum, Sandersonia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Commelinaceae | Callisia, Commelina, Setcreasea, Tradescantia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Convallariaceae | Aspidistra, Clintonia, Convallaria, Disporopsis, Disporum, Liriope, Maianthemum, Ophiopogon, Polygonatum, Reineckea, Rohdea, Smilacina, Streptopus, Tricyrtis, Tupistra, Uvularia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Convolvulaceae | Calystegia, Convolvulus, Evolvulus, Ipomoea | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Cornaceae | Camptotheca, Cornus, Davidia, Nyssa | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Crassulaceae | Aeonium, Chiastophyllum, Cotyledon, Crassula, Hylotelephium, Jovibarba, Kalanchoe, Orostachys, Prometheum, Rhodiola, Rosularia, Sedum, Sempervivella, Sempervivum, Umbilicus | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Cyperaceae | Baumea, Bolboschoenus, Carex, Cladium, Cyperus, Dichromena, Dulichium, Eleocharis, Eriophorum, Isolepis, Schoenoplectus, Scirpoides, Scirpus, Uncinia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Dipsacaceae | Cephalaria, Dipsacus, Knautia, Pterocephalus, Scabiosa, Succisa, Succisella | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Dracaenaceae | Beaucarnea, Dasylirion, Dracaena, Nolina | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Dryopteridaceae | Arachniodes, Aspidium, Currania, Cyrtomium, Dryopteris, Polystichum, Struthiopteris | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Epacridaceae | Epacris, Leucopogon | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Equisetaceae | Equisetum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Ericaceae | Agapetes, Andromeda, Arbutus, Arctostaphylos, Arctous, Azalea, Bruckenthalia, Calluna, Cassiope, Chamaedaphne, Chimaphila, Chiogenes, Daboecia, Elliottia, Enkianthus, Epigaea, Erica, Gaulnettya, Gaultheria, Gaylussacia, Harrimanella, Kalmia, Kalmiopsis, Ledodendron, Ledum, Leiophyllum, Leucothoe, Loiseleuria, Lyonia, Menziesia, Orphanidesia, Oxycoccus, Oxydendrum, Pentapterygium, Pernettya, Phylliopsis, Phyllodoce, Phyllothamnus, Pieris, Rhododendron, Rhodothamnus, Tripetaleia, Tsusiophyllum, Vaccinium, Zenobia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Euphorbiaceae | Acalypha, Aleurites, Andrachne, Bischofia, Dalechampia, Euphorbia, Mallotus, Mercurialis, Phyllanthus, Ricinus, Sapium, Securinega | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Eupteleaceae | Euptelea | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Fabaceae | Adenocarpus, Amorpha, Anagyris, Anthyllis, Apios, Argyrocytisus, Astragalus, Baptisia, Calophaca, Campylotropis, Caragana, Carmichaelia, Castanospermum, Chamaecytisus, Chordospartium, Cladrastis, Clianthus, Colutea, Coronilla, Cytisophyllum, Cytisus, Dalea, Daubentonia, Desmodium, Dorycnium, Dumasia, Echinospartium, Erinacea, Erythrina, Galega, Genista, Geoffroea, Glycyrrhiza, Goodia, Halimodendron, Hardenbergia, Hedysarum, Hippocrepis, Indigofera, Kennedia, Laburnocytisus, Laburnum, Lathyrus, Lembotropis, Lespedeza, Lotus, Lupinus, Maackia, Medicago, Millettia, Notospartium, Onobrychis, Ononis, Oxytropis, Parochetus, Petalostemon, Petteria, Phaseolus, Piptanthus, Podalyria, Pueraria, Retama, Robinia, Sarothamnus, Securigera, Sesbania, Sophora, Spartium, Spartocytisus, Sutherlandia, Templetonia, Tetragonolobus, Thermopsis, Tipuana, Trifolium, Ulex, Vicia, Vigna, Viminaria, Virgilia, Wisteria | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Gentianaceae | Centaurium, Gentiana, Sabatia, Swertia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Geraniaceae | Erodium, Geranium, Pelargonium | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Ginkgoaceae | Ginkgo | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Gunneraceae | Gunnera | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Haloragaceae | Haloragis, Myriophyllum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Hamamelidaceae | Altingia, Corylopsis, Disanthus, Distylium, Fortunearia, Fothergilla, Hamamelis, Liquidambar, Loropetalum, Parrotia, Parrotiopsis, Sinowilsonia, Sycoparrotia, Sycopsis | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Hemerocallidaceae | Hemerocallis | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Hostaceae | Hosta | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Hyacinthaceae | Albuca, Bellevalia, Camassia, Chionodoxa, Eucomis, Galtonia, Muscari, Ornithogalum, Puschkinia, Scilla | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Hydrocharitaceae | Egeria, Elodea, Hydrocharis, Lagarosiphon, Stratiotes, Vallisneria | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Iridaceae | Belamcanda, Crocosmia, Dierama, Diplarrhena, Gladiolus, Hesperantha, Iris, Libertia, Montbretia, Pardancanda, Pardanthopsis, Schizostylis, Sisyrinchium | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Juncaceae | Juncus, Luzula | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Lamiaceae | Acinos, Agastache, Ajuga, Ballota, Betonica, Blephilia, Calamintha, Cedronella, Chelonopsis, Clinopodium, Collinsonia, Colquhounia, Conradina, Cunila, Dracephalum, Dracocephalum, Elsholtzia, Galeobdolon, Glechoma, Horminum, Hyssopus, Keiskea, Lamiastrum, Lamium, Lavandula, Leonotis, Leonurus, Lycopus, Majorana, Marrubium, Meehania, Melissa, Melittis, Mentha, Micromeria, Monarda, Monardella, Nepeta, Ocimum, Origanum, Perovskia, Phlomis, Physostegia, Plectranthus, Preslia, Prostanthera, Prunella, Pycnanthemum, Rosmarinus, Salvia, Satureja, Schizonepeta, Scutellaria, Stachys, Teucrium, Thymus, Westringia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Lauraceae | Cinnamomum, Laurus, Lindera, Neolitsea, Persea, Phoebe, Sassafras, Umbellularia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Liliaceae | Cardiocrinum, Erythronium, Fritillaria, Lilium, Lloydia, Nomocharis | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Linaceae | Linum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Lythraceae | Cuphea, Decodon, Heimia, Lagerstroemia, Lythrum, Punica | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Magnoliaceae | Liriodendron, Magnolia, Manglietia, Michelia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Malvaceae | Abutilon, Alcea, Althaea, Alyogyne, Anisodontea, Callirhoe, Hibiscus, Hoheria, Iliamna, Kitaibela, Kosteletzkya, Lagunaria, Lavatera, Malva, Malvastrum, Malvaviscus, Napaea, Pavonia, Phymosia, Plagianthus, Sida, Sidalcea, Sphaeralcea | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Melanthiaceae | Heloniopsis, Melanthium, Tofieldia, Veratrum, Xerophyllum, Zigadenus | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Menyanthaceae | Menyanthes, Nymphoides, Villarsia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Mimosaceae | Acacia, Albizia, Calliandra, Desmanthus, Inga, Leucaena, Paraserianthes, Prosopis, Schrankia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Moraceae | Broussonetia, Cudrania, Ficus, Maclura, Morus | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Musaceae | Ensete, Musa | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Myrsinaceae | Ardisia, Myrsine | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Myrtaceae | Acca, Agonis, Amomyrtus, Angophora, Baeckea, Blepharocalyx, Callistemon, Chamelaucium, Eucalyptus, Eugenia, Feijoa, Kunzea, Leptospermum, Lophomyrtus, Lophostemon, Luma, Melaleuca, Metrosideros, Myrtus, Psidium, Syncarpia, Syzygium, Tristania, Tristaniopsis, Ugni | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Nyctaginaceae | Bougainvillea, Mirabilis | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Nymphaeaceae | Nuphar, Nymphaea | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Onagraceae | Calylophus, Chamaenerion, Chamerion, Circaea, Epilobium, Fuchsia, Gaura, Jussiaea, Ludwigia, Oenothera, Zauschneria | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Orchidaceae | Amitostigma, Bletia, Bletilla, Calanthe, Calopogon, Cremastra, Cymbidium, Cypripedium, Dactylorhiza, Epipactis, Goodyera, Habenaria, Ophrys, Orchis, Pecteilis, Pleione, Spiranthes | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Osmundaceae | Osmunda | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Oxalidaceae | Oxalis | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Paeoniaceae | Paeonia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Papaveraceae | Adlumia, Bocconia, Chelidonium, Corydalis, Dendromecon, Dicentra, Dicranostigma, Eomecon, Glaucium, Hylomecon, Macleaya, Meconopsis, Papaver, Romneya, Sanguinaria, Stylophorum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Phytolaccaceae | Ercilla, Phytolacca | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Piperaceae | Piper | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Plantaginaceae | Littorella, Plantago | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Plumbaginaceae | Acantholimon, Armeria, Ceratostigma, Goniolimon, Limoniastrum, Limonium, Plumbago, Statice | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Poaceae | Achnatherum, Agropyron, Agrostis, Alopecurus, Ammophila, Ampelodesmos, Andropogon, Anthoxanthum, Arrhenatherum, Arundinaria, Arundo, Asperella, Avena, Avenella, Avenula, Bambusa, Bashania, Bonia, Bouteloua, Brachypodium, Brachystachyum, Briza, Bromus, Buchloe, Calamagrostis, Cenchrus, Chasmanthium, Chimobambusa, Chimonobambusa, Chondrosum, Chrysopogon, Chusquea, Cinna, Cortaderia, Corynephorus, Cymbopogon, Dactylis, Dendrocalamus, Deschampsia, Diarrhena, Drepanostachyum, Eleymus, Elymus, Eragrostis, Erianthus, Fargesia, Festuca, Glyceria, Gynerium, Hakonechloa, Helictotrichon, Hibanobambusa, Hierochloe, Himalayacalamus, Holcus, Hordeum, Hygroryza, Hyparrhenia, Hystrix, Imperata, Indocalamus, Koeleria, Leersia, Leymus, Lygeum, Melica, Melinus, Milium, Miscanthus, Molinia, Muhlenbergia, Oryzopsis, Panicum, Pennisetum, Phalaris, Phragmites, Phyllostachys, Pleioblastus, Poa, Pseudosasa, Qiongzhuea, Rhynchelytrum, Saccharum, Sasa, Sasaella, Schizachyrium, Semiarundinaria, Sesleria, Shibataea, Sinarundinaria, Sinobambusa, Sitanon, Sorghastrum, Spartina, Sphenopholis, Spodiopogon, Sporobolus, Stipa, Thamnocalamus, Themeda, Tridens, Tripsacum, Uniola, Yushania, Zizania, Zoysia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Polemoniaceae | Cantua, Ipomopsis, Phlox, Polemonium | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Polygalaceae | Polygala | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Polygonaceae | Aconogonon, Antigonon, Eriogonum, Fallopia, Homalocladium, Muehlenbeckia, Oxyria, Persicaria, Polygonum, Reynoutria, Rheum, Rumex, Tovara | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Polypodiaceae | Lepisorus, Polypodium, Pyrrosia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Pontederiaceae | Eichhornia, Pontederia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Portulacaceae | Calandrinia, Claytonia, Crunocallis, Lewisia, Montia, Neopaxia, Talinum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Potamogetonaceae | Groenlandia, Potamogeton | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Primulaceae | Anagallis, Androsace, Coris, Cortusa, Cyclamen, Dionysia, Dodecatheon, Douglasia, Hottonia, Lysimachia, Primula, Soldanella, Trientalis, Vitaliana | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Ranunculaceae | Aconitum, Actaea, Adonis, Anemone, Anemonella, Anemonopsis, Aquilegia, Callianthemum, Caltha, Cimicifuga, Clematis, Coptis, Delphinium, Eranthis, Ficaria, Helleborus, Hepatica, Hydrastis, Isopyrum, Pulsatilla, Ranunculus, Semiaquilegia, Thalictrum, Trollius, Xanthorhiza | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Resedaceae | Reseda | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Rosaceae | Acaena, Agrimonia, Alchemilla, Amelanchier, Amelasorbus, Aronia, Aruncus, Cercocarpus, Chaenomeles, Comarum, Cotoneaster, Cowania, Crataegomespilus, Crataegus, Crataemespilus, Cyathodes, Cydonia, Dryas, Duchesnea, Eriobotrya, Eriolobus, Exochorda, Fallugia, Filipendula, Fragaria, Geum, Gillenia, Heteromeles, Holodiscus, Kerria, Leucopogon, Luetkea, Lyonothamnus, Maddenia, Malosorbus, Malus, Margyricarpus, Mespilus, Neillia, Neviusia, Oemleria, Osmaronia, Osteomeles, Petrophytum, Photinia, Physocarpus, Polylepis, Porteranthus, Potentilla, Poterium, Pourthiaea, Prinsepia, Prunus, Pseudocydonia, Purshia, Pyracantha, Pyracomeles, Pyrus, Rhaphiolepis, Rhodotypos, Rosa, Rubus, Sanguisorba, Sarcopoterium, Sibbaldia, Sibbaldiopsis, Sibiraea, Sieversia, Sorbaria, Sorbaronia, Sorbocotoneaster, Sorbus, Spiraea, Stephanandra, Stranvaesia, Stranvinia, Waldsteinia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Rutaceae | Acradenia, Boenninghausenia, Boronia, Calodendrum, Choisya, Citrofortunella, Citroncirus, Citrus, Coleonema, Correa, Crowea, Dictamnus, Diosma, Eriostemon, Euodia, Fortunella, Murraya, Orixa, Phellodendron, Poncirus, Ptelea, Ruta, Skimmia, Tetradium, Xanthoxylum, Zanthoxylum | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Salicaceae | Populus, Salix | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Saururaceae | Houttuynia, Saururus | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Saxifragaceae | Aceriphyllum, Astilbe, Astilboides, Bergenia, Boykinia, Chrysosplenium, Darmera, Elmera, Francoa, Heuchera, Heucherella, Leptarrhena, Lithophragma, Mitella, Mukdenia, Peltiphyllum, Peltoboykinia, Rodgersia, Saxifraga, Tellima, Tiarella, Tolmiea | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Scrophulariaceae | Alonsoa, Angelonia, Antirrhinum, Asarina, Bacopa, Calceolaria, Castilleja, Celsia, Chaenorhinum, Chelone, Chionohebe, Collinsia, Cymbalaria, Derwentia, Diascia, Digitalis, Erinus, Freylinia, Gratiola, Hebe, Heliohebe, Isoplexis, Lagotis, Leucophyllum, Linaria, Lindernia, Lophospermum, Maurandya, Mazus, Mimulus, Nemesia, Nothochelone, Ourisia, Parahebe, Paulownia, Pedicularis, Penstemon, Phygelius, Pygmaea, Rehmannia, Rhodochiton, Russellia, Scrophularia, Sutera, Synthyris, Verbascum, Veronica, Veronicastrum, Wulfenia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Simaroubaceae | Ailanthus, Picrasma | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Smilacaceae | Smilax | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Solanaceae | Acnistus, Atropa, Browallia, Brugmansia, Brunfelsia, Calibrachoa, Cestrum, Cyphomandra, Datura, Dunalia, Fabiana, Iochroma, Lycianthes, Lycium, Mandragora, Nierembergia, Physalis, Scopolia, Solandra, Solanum, Streptosolen, Vestia, Withania | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Thelypteridaceae | Parathelypteris, Phegopteris, Thelypteris | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Typhaceae | Sparganium, Typha | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Valerianaceae | Centranthus, Patrinia, Valeriana | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Verbenaceae | Aloysia, Callicarpa, Caryopteris, Clerodendrum, Duranta, Giandularia, Lantana, Lippia, Phyla, Premna, Rhaphithamnus, Verbena, Vitex | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Violaceae | Hymenanthera, Melicytus, Viola | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Vitaceae | Ampelopsis, Cissus, Parthenocissus, Tetrastigma, Vitis | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Woodsiaceae | Athyrium, Cystopteris, Deparia, Gymnocarpium, Matteuccia, Onoclea, Woodsia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Zamiaceae | Dioon, Encephalartos, Zamia | |
| --------------- | ---------------------------------------- | |
| Zingiberaceae | Amomum, Cautleya, Costus, Curcuma, Hedychium, Roscoea, Zingiber |