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Penstemon (pen-steem-on), beard tongue, Plantaginaceae Family. A large diverse genus of perennials, practically all are from North America, as nearly every region has adapted kinds. Some excel naturalized in open, sunny places; some are good for mixed herbaceous borders or rock gardens. Penstemon flowers are funnel, bell or tube-shaped with two lips and five stamens – the fifth being bearded and usually sterile. Flowers are commonly on stiff spikes rising from foliage rosettes or mound that sometimes are evergreen. They need sun, reasonably moist soil during the spring growth season and ordinary garden soil.

Penstemons are very drought tolerant perennials that are easy to grow in average, dry to medium moisture, well-drained soil. Root rot can occur in wet, poorly-drained soils. Soil fertility need only be average, but a light mulch in winter is recommended. Rarely bothered by insects or diseases.

When planted in mass, Penstemons make a tremendous color statement attracting butterflies and hummingbirds. Attributes: flower borders, cut flowers and foliage, drought tolerant, mass plantings, salt tolerant and easy to grow.

Penstemon

Penstemon 'Blackbeard' PP30052 (25) BR Plants

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Penstemon 'Midnight Masquerade' PP29603 (25) BR Plants

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Penstemon 'Onyx and Pearls' PP32613 (25) BR Plants

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Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' (4) 1-gallons

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Penstemon 'Blackbeard' PP30052 (25) BR Plants

Penstemon 'Blackbeard' PP30052 (25) Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Beardtongue Blackbeard was a famous English pirate known for his black facial hair. The name of this hardy perennial is a play on words from the common name for Penstemon, Beardtongue. The...

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Penstemon 'Midnight Masquerade' PP29603 (25) BR Plants

Penstemon 'Midnight Masquerade' PP29603 CPBR6262 (25) Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Beardtongue, Penstemon This Penstemon will help fill the gap in your lineup for a taller, attractive foliage option. 'Midnight Masquerade' produces a sturdy clump of deep...

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Penstemon 'Onyx and Pearls' PP32613 (25) BR Plants

Penstemon 'Onyx and Pearls' PP32613 (25) Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Beardtongue Named after two polar opposite colors of gemstones, onyx is in reference to its dark foliage and pearls refers to its soft lavender flowers with white interiors. From a...

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Penstemon

Penstemon 'Prairie Dusk' (25) BR Plants

Penstemon 'Prairie Dusk' (25) Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Beardtongue (because sterile stamen has a tuft of small hairs). Rose-purple, trumpet-shaped flowers are borne in profusion on thin spikes in early summer. Penstemons are very drought...

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Penstemon

Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' (4) 1-gallons

Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' (4) 1-gallons Common Name: Beardtongue (because sterile stamen has a tuft of small hairs). Zones 3 to 8. Full sun. Plants reach 30 to 34 inches tall and 15 to 18 inches wide. Growth rate: Moderate, erect herbaceous...

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What are the benefits of planting Penstemon?

There are many benefits to planting Penstemon in your garden, including:

Beauty: Penstemons come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and sizes, so you can find one that perfectly suits your taste. Their trumpet-shaped flowers are a magnet for attention and add a touch of elegance to any garden.
Pollinator attraction: Penstemons are a favorite food source for hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees. Planting them in your garden will help to support these important pollinators.
Long blooming season: Many Penstemon varieties bloom for months on end, from late spring to early fall. This means you can enjoy their beauty for a long time.
Low maintenance: Penstemons are relatively easy to care for. They are drought-tolerant once established and don't require a lot of fertilizer.
Deer resistance: Most Penstemon varieties are deer-resistant, making them a good choice for gardens in areas with deer problems.
Native plant: Many Penstemon varieties are native to North America, which means they are well-adapted to the local climate and soil conditions. Planting native plants can help to support local ecosystems.

In addition to the benefits listed above, Penstemons can also be used to:

Add height and interest to borders: Taller Penstemon varieties can be used to add height and interest to the back of borders.
Fill in gaps: Shorter Penstemon varieties can be used to fill in gaps in borders or rock gardens.
Create a cottage garden look: Penstemons are a popular choice for cottage gardens, where their informal beauty is right at home.

With so many benefits, it's no wonder that Penstemons are a popular choice for gardeners of all levels.

What are the characteristics of Penstemon?

Here are some of the key characteristics of Penstemon:

Flowers:

Shape: Tubular with five lobes, often bilabiate (meaning the upper and lower lips are different sizes).
Color: Wide range of vibrant colors, including white, yellow, pink, purple, red, and blue. Some varieties even have bi-colored blooms.
Size: Can vary depending on the species, but generally range from small to medium in size.
Blooming season: Typically bloom in late spring to early fall, with some varieties blooming for longer periods.

Foliage:

Arrangement: Leaves grow opposite each other on the stem, although some upper leaves may be alternate.
Shape: Can vary depending on the species, but are often lanceolate (shaped like a lance) or ovate (egg-shaped).
Texture: Can be smooth, hairy, or waxy.
Color: Most commonly green, but some varieties have variegated foliage.

Habit:

Growth: Can be herbaceous (dying back to the ground in winter), semi-evergreen, or evergreen depending on the species.
Height: Ranges from low-growing varieties at 6 inches to tall varieties reaching 3 feet or more.
Spread: Can be clump-forming or spreading.

Other characteristics:

Drought-tolerant: Most Penstemon varieties are well-adapted to dry conditions.
Sun-loving: Prefer full sun for best flowering.
Easy to care for: Generally require minimal maintenance.
Attracts pollinators: Hummingbirds, butterflies, and bees are all drawn to the nectar-rich flowers.
Deer-resistant: Most Penstemon varieties are unpalatable to deer.

Additional notes:

There are over 270 species of Penstemon, so there is a wide variety of characteristics to choose from.
The common name "beardtongue" comes from the sterile stamen that often protrudes from the flower, resembling a fuzzy tongue.

Penstemons are native to North America, but they are also popular garden plants in other parts of the world.

How Do I Plant Penstemon?

There are two main ways to plant Penstemon: starting from seed and planting nursery-bought plants. Each method has its own advantages and considerations:

Starting from seed:

Advantages: More economical, offers a wider variety of species, gives you satisfaction of growing from scratch.
Considerations: Requires more time and effort, germination may be uneven, flowering might take longer (1-2 years).

Planting nursery-bought plants:

Advantages: Quicker flowering (often blooms in the same year), easier and less time-consuming, readily available.
Considerations: May be more expensive, limited variety compared to seeds.

Here's a detailed guide for both methods:

Starting from seed:

Timing: Sow seeds outdoors in late fall or early winter. This allows for natural cold stratification (a period of cold needed for germination). Alternatively, you can sow indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost and provide artificial stratification by storing seeds in moist soil in the refrigerator for 4-6 weeks.
Location: Choose a sunny spot with well-draining soil. Penstemons dislike waterlogged conditions. Amend the soil with compost if needed for better drainage.
Planting: Scatter seeds thinly on the soil surface and lightly press them in. Do not cover with too much soil as they need light to germinate. Keep the soil moist but not soggy until germination occurs.

Planting nursery-bought plants:

Timing: Plant in spring after the danger of frost has passed.
Location: Choose a sunny spot with well-draining soil. Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball of the plant.
Planting: Gently remove the plant from its container and loosen any tightly bound roots. Place the plant in the hole and ensure the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Backfill the hole with soil and firm it gently. Water deeply and mulch around the base of the plant to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

General tips for both methods:

Space plants according to their mature size, typically 12-24 inches apart.
Water regularly, especially during the first year. Once established, they become more drought-tolerant.
Deadhead spent flowers to encourage further blooming.
Cut back stems in late fall or early spring to remove dead growth and promote new growth.
Divide established clumps every 3-4 years to prevent overcrowding and maintain vigor.

Remember, specific care needs may vary slightly depending on the Penstemon variety you choose. Always refer to the plant label or reliable gardening resources for detailed instructions tailored to your specific type. I hope this helps! Happy planting!

What Are varieties Of Penstemon?

There are many varieties of Penstemon, each with its own unique characteristics. Here are a few popular ones:

Penstemon digitalis (Foxglove Penstemon): This variety has tall, upright stems with clusters of tubular flowers in shades of white, pink, red, and purple. It blooms in late spring to early summer and can reach up to 3 feet tall.
Penstemon barbatus (Scarlet Beardtongue): This variety is known for its bright red flowers that bloom in clusters in late spring to early summer. It grows to about 2 feet tall and is deer-resistant.
Penstemon heterophyllus (Foothill Beardtongue): This variety has interesting blue-green foliage and clusters of blue or purple flowers that bloom in late spring to early summer. It grows to about 18 inches tall and is drought-tolerant.
Penstemon humilis (Desert Beardtongue): This variety has low-growing, spreading stems with clusters of pink or purple flowers that bloom in late spring to early summer. It is drought-tolerant and grows to about 12 inches tall.
Penstemon fruticosus (Shrubby Beardtongue): This variety is a woody shrub with evergreen foliage and clusters of white, pink, or purple flowers that bloom in late spring to early summer. It can grow up to 6 feet tall and is heat-tolerant.

These are just a few of the many varieties of Penstemon available. With so many different options to choose from, you are sure to find one that is perfect for your garden.

How Do I Care For Penstemon In My Garden?

Taking care of Penstemon in your garden is relatively simple, making them a great choice for both novice and experienced gardeners. Here's a breakdown of their care needs:

Sunlight: Most Penstemon varieties thrive in full sun, receiving at least 6-8 hours of direct sunlight daily. This ensures optimal flowering and healthy growth. Some varieties, like Penstemon heterophyllus, can tolerate partial shade in hot climates.
Soil: Well-draining soil is crucial for Penstemons. They are highly sensitive to soggy conditions, which can lead to root rot. Amend your soil with compost or sand if necessary to improve drainage. Consider raised beds or sloped areas if your soil is naturally heavy.
Watering: Newly planted Penstemon need regular watering until established. Once established, they are drought-tolerant and require infrequent watering, allowing the soil to dry out between waterings. Deep watering is preferred over frequent shallow watering.
Fertilizing: Penstemons generally don't require heavy fertilization. A light application of balanced fertilizer in spring is sufficient. Avoid overfertilizing, as it can encourage weak, leggy growth.
Deadheading: Regularly deadheading spent flowers throughout the blooming season encourages continuous flowering and prevents seed formation, which can lead to unwanted self-seeding.
Pruning: Pruning isn't essential but can be beneficial. In late fall or early spring, cut back stems by about one-third to remove dead growth and promote new growth. You can also prune lightly after the first flush of blooms to encourage a second blooming later in the summer.
Overwintering: Most Penstemon varieties are hardy in USDA zones 3-8. In colder climates, provide a light layer of mulch around the base of the plant in late fall to protect the roots from harsh winter temperatures.

Additional Tips:

Space plants according to their mature size, typically 12-24 inches apart.
Divide established clumps every 3-4 years to prevent overcrowding and maintain vigor.
Monitor for pests and diseases, but Penstemons are generally pest and disease resistant.
Enjoy the vibrant blooms and the hummingbirds and butterflies they attract!

Remember, specific care needs may vary slightly depending on the Penstemon variety you have. Always refer to the plant label or reliable gardening resources for tailored instructions.

I hope this helps! Happy gardening!

Do Penstemon attract pollinators?

Penstemon are well-known for attracting a wide variety of pollinators to your garden. Their trumpet-shaped flowers offer a rich source of nectar and pollen, making them irresistible to many beneficial insects.

Here's a breakdown of the pollinators you can expect to see visiting your Penstemon:

Hummingbirds: Their long beaks are perfectly adapted to reach the nectar deep within the Penstemon flowers. Hummingbirds, particularly those with longer bills like Ruby-throated Hummingbirds, are frequent visitors to these vibrant blooms.
Butterflies: Many butterfly species, especially long-tongued butterflies like Swallowtails and Fritillaries, are attracted to the bright colors and sweet nectar of Penstemon flowers.
Bees: Numerous bee species, including Bumblebees, Mason Bees, Carpenter Bees, and Leafcutter Bees, are drawn to the pollen and nectar offered by Penstemon. Their hairy bodies effectively collect pollen as they move between flowers, aiding in pollination.
Other pollinators: Flies, wasps, moths, and even beetles can also be seen visiting Penstemon flowers, playing their part in the garden's ecosystem.

The specific types of pollinators you attract will depend on your region and the varieties of Penstemon you choose. However, it's safe to say that planting Penstemon in your garden is a surefire way to create a pollinator haven and support these vital creatures.

Here are some additional factors that can influence the number and diversity of pollinators visiting your Penstemon:

Variety: Some Penstemon varieties are particularly attractive to specific pollinators. For example, Penstemon humilis is known to attract hummingbirds, while Penstemon barbatus attracts bumblebees.
Flower color: Studies have shown that pollinators are drawn to certain colors, particularly blue, white, and yellow. Choosing Penstemon varieties with these colors can attract a wider range of visitors.
Garden habitat: Providing other flowering plants, native plants, and shelter for pollinators will create a more inviting environment and encourage them to stay longer.

By incorporating Penstemon into your garden, you can not only enjoy their beautiful blooms but also contribute to the health and vitality of your local ecosystem by supporting hardworking pollinators.

Are There Any Common Pests Or Diseases That Affect Penstemon?

Penstemon are generally considered pest and disease resistant, making them relatively low-maintenance plants. However, there are a few common issues to keep an eye out for:

Pests:

Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects suck sap from leaves and stems, causing stunting and distortion. You can control them by spraying with insecticidal soap or introducing beneficial insects like ladybugs.
Leafhoppers: Similar to aphids, these pests feed on plant juices, leaving behind yellowing and stippling on leaves. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can help control them.
Slugs and snails: These slimy creatures munch on leaves and flowers at night. Handpicking, traps, or organic snail and slug bait can be used to manage them.

Diseases:

Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white powdery coating on leaves, stems, and flowers. Improve air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and apply fungicide if necessary.
Leaf spots: These are caused by various fungal or bacterial pathogens and appear as brown or yellow spots on leaves. Avoid overhead watering and remove infected leaves. Fungicide may be helpful in severe cases.
Botrytis blight: This disease thrives in cool, wet conditions and causes stem rot and flower bud rot. Improve air circulation, remove infected plant parts, and avoid overhead watering.

Additional notes:

Overwatering: This is the most common problem for Penstemon and can lead to root rot and other diseases. Ensure good drainage and avoid waterlogging.
Nutrient deficiency: Lack of nutrients, especially nitrogen, can cause yellowing leaves and stunted growth. A balanced fertilizer application in spring can help.
Herbicide drift: Be cautious when using herbicides near your Penstemon, as they can be sensitive to herbicides used on other plants.

Remember, early detection and intervention are key to managing any pest or disease issue. Regularly monitor your Penstemon and address problems promptly to maintain their health and beauty.

Can I Use Penstemon in Floral Arrangements?

Yes, you definitely can use Penstemon in floral arrangements! They are a wonderful addition to bouquets and centerpieces, offering several advantages:

Beautiful blooms: Penstemon come in a wide variety of colors, shapes, and sizes, allowing you to create arrangements with diverse textures and visual interest. Their trumpet-shaped flowers are particularly unique and eye-catching.
Long-lasting: Depending on the variety and cut at the right stage, Penstemon flowers can last for several days in a vase, providing long-lasting enjoyment in your arrangements.
Attracts pollinators: If you plan to display your arrangement outdoors, the vibrant blooms of Penstemon can attract butterflies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators, adding a touch of life and movement to your creation.
Complementary foliage: Many Penstemon varieties have interesting and colorful foliage that can add extra dimension and texture to your arrangements. Some even have variegated leaves, providing pops of contrasting color.
Easy to care for: Once cut, Penstemon flowers require minimal care. Simply keep them in clean water with a flower preservative and avoid direct sunlight.

Here are some tips for using Penstemon in floral arrangements:

Choose stems with healthy, open blooms and green foliage.
Cut stems at an angle just below a node.
Remove any lower leaves that will be submerged in water.
Condition the stems by placing them in warm water for a few hours before arranging.
Use a variety of flower colors, shapes, and sizes to create visual interest.
Pair Penstemon with other complementary flowers, such as roses, lilies, daisies, or hydrangeas.
Consider adding greenery, such as ferns, eucalyptus, or baby's breath, to fill in the arrangement.

With their beauty, versatility, and ease of care, Penstemon can be a valuable addition to your floral arrangements. So, the next time you're looking for unique and long-lasting blooms, don't hesitate to include Penstemon in your creations!

Is Penstemon Invasive?

Whether Penstemon is considered invasive depends on several factors, including the specific species and the location where it's growing.

Generally, Penstemons are not considered invasive plants. They are native to North America and are well-adapted to the local ecosystems. Most varieties are clump-forming and don't readily spread aggressively. Additionally, they usually require specific environmental conditions to thrive and aren't likely to outcompete native plants.

However, there are some exceptions:

Penstemon digitalis (Foxglove Penstemon): This variety can be mildly invasive in some areas, particularly in the Pacific Northwest. It can readily self-seed and spread into undisturbed ecosystems.
Non-native Penstemon species: There are a few non-native Penstemon species that can be invasive in certain regions. For example, Penstemon australis (Scarlet Beardtongue) is listed as an invasive species in New Zealand.

Therefore, it's crucial to consider the specific Penstemon variety and your location before planting it. Here's what you can do:

Check with your local gardening resources or authorities: They can provide information on any invasive Penstemon species in your area.
Choose native Penstemon varieties: This is the safest option to avoid any potential invasive concerns.
Buy from reputable nurseries: Ask them about the origin and potential invasiveness of the Penstemon they sell.
Monitor your Penstemon: If you notice it spreading aggressively into unwanted areas, consider removing it or controlling its spread.

Remember, responsible gardening includes being mindful of the potential impact on local ecosystems. By making informed choices, you can enjoy the beauty of Penstemon without contributing to invasive plant problems.

When Is The Best Time To propagate Penstemon?

There are two main methods for propagating Penstemon: taking cuttings and sowing seeds. The best time for each method depends on your climate and desired outcome:

Taking Cuttings:

Softwood cuttings: This is the easiest and quickest method of propagation. Take cuttings from non-flowering shoots in early summer (June-July in most climates). The new growth will root quickly and give you plants that may even flower in the same year.
Semi-ripe cuttings: This method can be done in late summer to early autumn (August-September) when the stems are starting to harden. These cuttings might not flower in the first year but will be more robust and winter-hardy.

Sowing Seeds:

Outdoors: Sow seeds in late fall or early winter directly in the garden. This allows for natural cold stratification (a period of cold needed for germination).
Indoors: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost. Provide artificial stratification by storing seeds in moist soil in the refrigerator for 4-6 weeks before sowing.

Here's a table summarizing the best timing for each method based on your desired outcome:

Method	Timing	Outcome
Softwood cuttings	Early summer	Quickest results, potential flowering in the same year
Semi-ripe cuttings	Late summer - early autumn	More robust plants, better winter-hardiness
Outdoors sowing	Late fall/early winter	Easy, natural selection
Indoor sowing	6-8 weeks before last frost	Controlled environment, earlier flowering

Additional factors to consider:

Your climate: If you have a mild winter, you might be able to sow seeds outdoors earlier in the fall.

Specific Penstemon variety: Some varieties may have different preferences for propagation timing. Check the plant label or reliable gardening resources for specific details.

Your personal preference: Consider the time and effort involved in each method and choose the one that best suits you.

No matter the method you choose, remember to provide the young plants with proper care, including adequate sunlight, well-draining soil, and regular watering. I hope this information helps you choose the best time to propagate your Penstemon!

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Penstemon

Penstemon 'Blackbeard' PP30052 (25) BR Plants

Penstemon

Penstemon 'Midnight Masquerade' PP29603 (25) BR Plants

Penstemon

Penstemon 'Onyx and Pearls' PP32613 (25) BR Plants

Penstemon

Penstemon 'Prairie Dusk' (25) BR Plants

Penstemon

Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' (4) 1-gallons

Penstemon

Penstemon 'Blackbeard' PP30052 (25) BR Plants

Penstemon

Penstemon 'Midnight Masquerade' PP29603 (25) BR Plants

Penstemon

Penstemon 'Onyx and Pearls' PP32613 (25) BR Plants

Penstemon

Penstemon 'Prairie Dusk' (25) BR Plants

Penstemon

Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red' (4) 1-gallons