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Rudbeckia

rudbeckia-fulgida-goldsturm-.jpgRudeckia (rud-bek-ee-uh) coneflower, black-eye susan, brown-eye susan; Asteraceae Family. Annual, biennial and perennial plants, Rudeckia are native to North America. Though coarse in habit, they are sturdy and especially useful for their August and September bloom. Good in the border, the wild garden or the cutting garden. All the species have raised, cone-like, dark centers, and some have two colored petals. 

Rudbeckias are easily grown in average, dry to medium, well-drained soils. For the most blooms, plants prefer full sun and consistent moisture, though established plants have some drought tolerance. Remove spent flowers to encourage additional bloom. Rudbeckias are very easy to divide in the spring.

Attributes: Border plants, Container, Cut flower, Mass Planting, Easy to grow. Attracts butterflies and songbirds.

  • Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 25 BR Plants Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 25 BR Plants

    Rudbeckia f. 'Goldsturm' (25) BR Plants

    Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm' (25) Bare Root Plants Common Name: Black-Eyed Susan, Coneflower. Black Eyed Susans have a long season of bloom and a sturdy, upright habit, Bright gold petals with a deep brown cone highlights the garden in late...

    $204.55
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  • Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 3.5 inch pot Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 3.5 inch pot

    Rudbeckia f. 'Goldsturm' (3.5 inch pot)

    Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm' (3.5-inch pot)Common Name: Black-Eyed Susan, Coneflower. Bright gold petals with a deep brown cone highlights the garden in late summer. 'Goldsturm' is a long-blooming, low maintenance perennial. Disease and pest...

    $4.74
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  • Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 30ct Flat Rudbeckia fulgida Goldsturm 30ct Flat

    Rudbeckia f. 'Goldsturm' (30)ct Flat

    Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldsturm' (30)ct Flat Common Name: Black-Eyed Susan, Coneflower. Bright gold petals with a deep brown cone highlights the garden in late summer. 'Goldsturm' is a long-blooming, low maintenance perennial. Disease and pest...

    $179.77
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Rudbeckia fulgida: A Beacon of Summer

Rudbeckia fulgida, commonly known as Black-eyed Susan or Orange Coneflower, is a vibrant herbaceous perennial native to the eastern United States. The species name “fulgida” means “shining,” reflecting its lustrous yellow ray florets.

Growing Conditions

This hardy plant thrives in a variety of conditions, from full sun to partial shade, and is remarkably tolerant of heat, humidity, and drought. It spreads through underground rhizomes, forming dense clumps that can be easily propagated by division in spring or fall. Additionally, it can be grown from seed.

Appearance

With its cheerful, daisy-like flowers featuring a brownish-purple center, Black-eyed Susan adds a burst of color to gardens from early summer to fall. It can reach heights of 2 to 3 feet and boasts a rosette of basal leaves that persist through the winter, providing visual interest even during the colder months. To support wildlife, consider leaving the seed heads intact to serve as a food source for birds.

Cultivation and Uses

Rudbeckia fulgida is a versatile plant with numerous applications in the garden. It is ideal for perennial beds, borders, pollinator gardens, naturalized areas, and as a backdrop for other plants. While staking may be necessary for plants with particularly large flower heads, most cultivars are relatively self-supporting.

Insects, Diseases, and Other Problems

This species is generally resistant to pests and diseases, making it a low-maintenance choice for gardeners. However, some cultivars may exhibit susceptibility to leaf spot or southern blight. Regular monitoring and appropriate care can help mitigate these issues.

Rudbeckia fulgida FAQ

Black-eyed Susan, Orange Coneflower

rud-BEK-ee-ah ful-JEE-duh

The Rudbeckia fulgida species offers a diverse range of cultivars, each with unique characteristics. Some popular options include:

  • 'Goldsturm': Known for its larger, star-shaped flowers and excellent resistance to leaf spot.
  • 'Little Goldstar': A compact cultivar with good resistance to abiotic disorder and southern blight.
  • Rudbeckia fulgida var. sullivantii 'Viette's Little Suzy': A shorter, dwarf variety with vibrant yellow flowers.
  • Rudbeckia hirta: A biennial or short-lived perennial with hairy leaves and single daisy-like flowers.
  • Rudbeckia laciniata: A taller variety with five-pointed palmately compound leaves and greenish-yellow centers.
  • Rudbeckia grandiflora: A rhizomatous perennial that can form large colonies.
  • Rudbeckia maxima: A species native to the southern United States with upright leaves.
  • Rudbeckia occidentalis: A western coneflower native to regions from Colorado to Washington.
  • Rudbeckia triloba: A short-lived perennial that readily reseeds.
  • Rudbeckia missouriensis: A species native to the central prairie states.
  • Rudbeckia subtomentosa: Noted for its quilled flowers, with 'Henry Eilers' being a popular cultivar.  
  • Rudbeckia amplexicaulis: Characterized by drooping flower petals.
  • Genus: Rudbeckia
  • Species: fulgida
  • Family: Asteraceae
  • Life Cycle: Perennial
  • Propagation: Division, seed
  • Origin: Eastern United States
  • Distribution: Widely distributed across the eastern United States
  • Wildlife Value: Attracts pollinators and provides food for birds.
  • Resistance: Moderately resistant to deer, good resistance to leaf spot.
  • Dimensions: Height: 2-3 feet, Width: 1-2 feet
  • Growth Habit: Clumping
  • Growth Rate: Rapid
  • Maintenance: Low
  • Cultural Conditions: Full sun, well-drained soil
  • USDA Hardiness Zones: 3-9
  • Flower Color: Black, gold/yellow, orange
  • Flower Bloom Time: Summer, fall
  • Leaf Color: Green
  • Rudbeckia fulgida is a beautiful and versatile perennial that adds a touch of summer vibrancy to any garden. Its resilience, low maintenance requirements, and attractive flowers make it a popular choice for gardeners and wildlife enthusiasts alike.

Rudbeckia is a genus of North American flowering plants in the daisy family (Asteraceae). They are commonly known as coneflowers or black-eyed Susans, due to their characteristic daisy-like flowers with dark central cones.

There are over 20 species of Rudbeckia, most of which are perennials, but some are annuals or biennials. They typically grow to 2-3 feet tall and have yellow, orange, or red flowers that bloom in mid to late summer. Some popular species of Rudbeckia include:

  • Black-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia hirta): The most common species of Rudbeckia, with bright yellow flowers and a dark brown central cone.
  • Goldsturm Rudbeckia (Rudbeckia fulgida 'Goldstrum'): A popular cultivar with large, golden-yellow flowers.
  • Little Henry Rudbeckia (Rudbeckia hirta 'Little Henry'): A compact variety of black-eyed Susan that is perfect for borders and containers.
  • Green-eyed Susan (Rudbeckia laciniata): A unique species with yellow flowers and a green central cone.

Rudbeckias are easy to grow and care for, making them a popular choice for gardeners of all levels. They are tolerant of a wide range of soils and conditions, and they are relatively pest- and disease-resistant. Rudbeckias are also excellent attractants for butterflies, bees, and other pollinators.

Here are some additional facts about Rudbeckia:

  • The genus Rudbeckia is named after Olof Rudbeck the Elder, a Swedish botanist who lived in the 17th century.
  • Rudbeckias are native to North America, but they are now grown all over the world.
  • Some species of Rudbeckia are used in traditional medicine.
  • Rudbeckias are the state flower of Maryland.

I hope this information helps! Let me know if you have any other questions about Rudbeckia.

Planting rudbeckia is quite straightforward, and you can do it from seeds or by using transplants. Here's a general guide for both methods:

Planting from seeds:

  • Timing: The best time to plant rudbeckia seeds directly in the garden depends on your climate. In warmer regions, you can sow seeds as early as April, while in colder areas, it's best to wait until the last frost has passed, typically in late May or early June.
  • Choose a location: Rudbeckias thrive in full sun (at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily) and well-draining soil. They can tolerate light shade but may produce fewer flowers. If your soil is heavy clay, amend it with compost or aged manure to improve drainage.
  • Prepare the soil: Loosen the soil to a depth of about 6 inches with a garden fork or trowel.
  • Sow the seeds: Scatter the seeds thinly over the prepared soil surface. You can mix them with sand to make them easier to see and distribute evenly. Lightly cover the seeds with a thin layer of soil, about 1/4 to 1/2 inch deep.
  • Water: Keep the soil moist but not soggy until the seeds germinate. This usually takes about 10-14 days.
  • Thinning: Once the seedlings have emerged and have a few true leaves, thin them to their proper spacing. The spacing will vary depending on the type of rudbeckia you're growing, but generally, they need about 12-18 inches of space between plants. You can either transplant the thinned seedlings to another location in your garden or discard them.

Planting from transplants:

  • Timing: You can plant transplants any time after the last frost has passed and the soil has warmed up.
  • Choose a location: Just like with seeds, select a sunny spot with well-draining soil.
  • Prepare the planting hole: Dig a hole that is twice the width and depth of the root ball of the transplant.
  • Remove the transplant from its pot: Gently loosen the soil around the root ball and carefully remove the plant from the pot. Avoid disturbing the roots as much as possible.
  • Plant the transplant: Place the transplant in the hole and fill in the soil around it, tamping it down gently to eliminate air pockets.
  • Water: Water the plant deeply to settle the soil and ensure good root contact.

Here are some additional tips for planting rudbeckia:

  • Mulch around the plants with a layer of organic material, such as compost or shredded bark, to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.
  • Water your rudbeckias regularly, especially during hot and dry periods.
  • Deadhead spent flowers to encourage continued blooming throughout the season.
  • Rudbeckias are relatively pest- and disease-resistant, but they may occasionally attract aphids or powdery mildew. If you see any pests or diseases, treat them with an organic insecticide or fungicide.

With proper care, your rudbeckias should bloom beautifully for many years to come!

There is a delightful variety of rudbeckia options for your garden, with each showcasing unique charm! Here is a glimpse into some popular varieties:

By Height:

Tall (5-7 feet):

  • 'Autumn Colors': Dramatic blooms with red, gold, and orange hues.
  • 'Giant Yellow Queen': Huge, golden sunflowers resembling blooms.

Medium (2-4 feet):

  • 'Black-eyed Susan' (R. hirta): The classic, cheerful yellow blooms with dark centers.
  • 'Goldsturm': Large, golden-yellow flowers beloved by pollinators.
  • 'Little Henry': Compact black-eyed Susans perfect for borders and containers.

Short (1-2 feet):

  • 'Cherry Brandy': Rich, coppery-red blooms with dark green centers.
  • 'Sahara': A series with stunning bicolors and tricolors in peach, pink, and plum.

By Bloom Appearance:

Classic black-eyed Susans:

  • 'Irish Eyes': Golden petals with greenish-black centers.
  • 'Prairie Sun': Light orange petals fading to lemon yellow, with pale green centers.

Unique colors:

  • 'Green-eyed Susan' (R. laciniata): Yellow daisy-like flowers with greenish-yellow central cones.
  • 'Golden Glow' (R. fulgida var. sullivantii): Bright orange flowers with black central cones.

Double blooms:

  • 'Black Beauty': Velvety dark red blooms with double or semi-double petals.
  • 'Hortensia Beauty': Showy double blooms with golden petals and dark central cones.

Other Traits:

  • Long bloom time: 'Becky Sue' and 'Goldilocks' offer months of cheerful blooms.
  • Heat tolerant: 'Perennis Gold' and 'Prairie Fire' thrive in scorching summers.
  • Butterfly magnets: Most rudbeckias attract butterflies and bees, but 'Cherokee Sunset' especially with its vibrant colors.

Remember, these are just a few examples, and countless other fantastic rudbeckia varieties await exploration! When choosing yours, consider desired height, color preferences, bloom time, and garden conditions.

Taking care of your rudbeckia is a breeze, and their sunny disposition will reward you with vibrant blooms throughout the season. Here are some key tips for maintaining their happy dance in your garden:

Sunshine and Soil:

  • Sun-kissed: Rudbeckias crave at least 6 hours of direct sunlight daily. They can tolerate light shade but expect fewer blooms.
  • Drainage matters: Well-draining soil is crucial to prevent root rot. Consider amending heavy clay soil with compost or aged manure.

Watering and Mulching:

  • Thirsty blooms: Water your rudbeckias regularly, especially during hot and dry periods. Aim for evenly moist soil but avoid waterlogging.
  • Mulch magic: A layer of organic mulch like compost or shredded bark helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and keep the soil cool.

Feeding and Deadheading:

  • Fertile feast: While not essential, an occasional feeding with a balanced fertilizer or compost can boost growth and flowering.
  • Deadheading delights: Regularly remove spent flower heads to encourage more blooms and maintain a tidy appearance. Simply pinch off the faded flowers or use sharp shears.

Pruning and Dividing:

  • Cutting back: In late fall or early spring, you can cut back the stems of tall varieties to about 4-6 inches above the ground.

Sharing the sunshine: Over time, rudbeckias can become crowded. To rejuvenate them and propagate more plants, divide them every 3-4 years.

Pests and Diseases:

  • Natural resilience: Rudbeckias are generally pest- and disease-resistant. However, keep an eye out for aphids or powdery mildew. If you spot any, opt for organic control methods like insecticidal soap or neem oil.

Winter Care:

  • Hardy heroes: Most rudbeckia varieties are hardy in cold climates. In colder regions, you can leave the spent stems standing through winter for added insulation. However, in areas with very harsh winters, it is best to cut back the stems and mulch the plants for extra protection.

Remember, these are general guidelines, and specific needs may vary depending on your variety and climate. Feel free to adjust your care accordingly and observe your rudbeckias to gauge their needs. With a little love and sunlight, they will keep your garden ablaze with color for many seasons to come!

I hope this information helps you keep your rudbeckia thriving and joyful! I

Rudbeckia plants are pollinator magnets, particularly bees and butterflies. Their bright, sunny blooms and readily available nectar make them irresistible to these important garden visitors. Here is why they are so beloved by pollinators:

A feast for the senses:

  • Eye-catching blooms: The bold yellow, orange, and red flowers of rudbeckia are highly visible to pollinators, easily attracting them from afar.
  • Nectar galore: Rudbeckia flowers produce plentiful nectar, a sweet liquid that serves as a vital energy source for bees, butterflies, and other pollinators.
  • Easy access: The open daisy-like structure of their flowers allows pollinators of all sizes to easily reach and access the nectar within.

Benefits beyond beauty:

  • Long bloom time: Many rudbeckia varieties bloom for weeks or even months, providing a consistent food source for pollinators throughout the season.
  • Pollen variety: Different rudbeckia species offer diverse pollen types, catering to the needs of a wider range of pollinators.
  • Habitat for butterflies: Some rudbeckia species, like the black-eyed Susan, serve as host plants for butterfly larvae, contributing to their vital life cycle.

Examples of pollinator-loving rudbeckia:

  • Black-eyed Susan (R. hirta): This classic variety with its bright yellow petals and dark center is a favorite among bees and butterflies.
  • Goldsturm: This popular cultivar boasts large, golden-yellow flowers that are irresistible to a range of pollinators.
  • Green-eyed Susan (R. laciniata): This unique variety with its yellow flowers and green central cone attracts both bees and butterflies.
  • Cherokee Sunset: This stunning rudbeckia with its vibrant orange and red blooms is a particular favorite among butterflies.

By planting rudbeckia in your garden, you are not just adding a splash of color, but also contributing to a healthy ecosystem by providing vital resources for pollinators. Their cheerful blooms and buzzing visitors will turn your garden into a vibrant hub for these vital creatures, adding a new dimension of life and beauty to your green space.

So, if you are looking for a beautiful and beneficial addition to your garden, rudbeckia is a fantastic choice. Their pollinator-attracting power will not only reward you with vibrant blooms, but also contribute to a thriving ecosystem in your backyard.

While Rudbeckias are generally pretty tough plants, they can occasionally encounter some pests and diseases. Here is a rundown of the most common ones:

Pests:

  • Aphids: These soft-bodied, sap-sucking insects can weaken plants and distort leaves. Look for clusters of green, brown, or black aphids on stems and buds. Organic methods like insecticidal soap or neem oil are usually effective.
  • Japanese beetles: These metallic green beetles with brown wing covers can devour foliage and flowers. Handpicking is a good option for smaller infestations. Alternatively, try traps baited with pheromones or consider applying milky spore, a biological control that harms Japanese beetle larvae.
  • Two-spotted spider mites: These tiny webs on leaves and stunted growth can indicate the presence of these pests. A strong blast of water can knock them off, or you can use insecticidal soap or diluted neem oil.

Diseases:

  • Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as white or gray powdery patches on leaves, stems, and flowers. Good air circulation and fungicides containing neem oil or potassium bicarbonate can help control it.
  • Leaf spots: These fungal or bacterial infections cause brown, circular spots on leaves, making them unsightly but rarely fatal. Remove infected leaves and improve air circulation. Fungicides can be used in severe cases.
  • Verticillium wilt: This fungal disease causes leaves to wilt and turn yellow, eventually leading to plant death. Unfortunately, there is no cure. Remove and destroy infected plants and avoid planting in the same area for several years.

General Tips for Preventing Pests and Diseases:

  • Practice good garden hygiene: Remove and destroy diseased plant material and debris.
  • Provide adequate spacing: Proper air circulation helps prevent fungal diseases.
  • Avoid overhead watering: Water at the base of the plant to keep foliage dry.
  • Encourage beneficial insects: Ladybugs, lacewings, and other predators can help control pests naturally.
  • Use organic methods whenever possible: Start with insecticidal soap or neem oil before resorting to stronger chemicals.
  • By observing your Rudbeckias regularly and taking proactive measures, you can minimize the impact of pests and diseases and keep your plants thriving. If you are unsure about a specific problem, consider contacting your local extension office or a qualified gardener for further advice.

Remember, healthy Rudbeckias with diverse pollinator populations are key to a balanced and thriving garden ecosystem. So, keep an eye out for any potential threats and take action to protect these vibrant blooms!

Rudbeckia, with its cheerful daisy-like blooms and sunny disposition, makes a fantastic addition to floral arrangements. They add a pop of color, texture, and rustic charm, elevating any bouquet or centerpiece. Here is why you should consider incorporating them:

Versatility:

  • Variety of colors: From classic golden yellow to fiery orange, and even unique bicolors and greens, rudbeckias offer a range of options to complement your color palette.
  • Different sizes: Tall varieties like 'Autumn Colors' add height and drama, while shorter ones like 'Little Henry' bring a sweet charm to smaller arrangements.
  • Long vase life: Rudbeckias are known for lasting a good 7-10 days in a vase, keeping your arrangements fresh and vibrant.

Visual interest:

  • Bold blooms: Their cheerful daisy-like flowers with dark central cones add a touch of whimsy and rustic charm to any arrangement.
  • Textural contrast: The rough texture of their petals and stems pairs beautifully with smoother flowers like roses or lilies, creating a dynamic interplay of textures.
  • Butterfly magnets: If you are lucky, your arrangement might even attract some fluttering friends, adding a touch of magic to your display.

Tips for using Rudbeckia in arrangements:

  • Prep your blooms: Cut rudbeckias at an angle just below a bud to maximize vase life. Give the stems a fresh cut underwater and remove any foliage below the waterline.
  • Conditioning: For even longer-lasting blooms, immerse the rudbeckia stems in lukewarm water for a couple of hours before adding them to your arrangement.
  • Placement: Rudbeckias can be used as focal flowers, placed towards the center of your arrangement, or as filler flowers to add bulk and texture.
  • Pairings: They play well with a variety of flowers, including sunflowers, zinnias, lilies, roses, and even herbs like rosemary or lavender.
  • Experiment! Don't be afraid to get creative! Rudbeckias look lovely in rustic mason jars, vintage pitchers, or even woven baskets.

So, go ahead and let your creativity bloom! Rudbeckias are a delightful and versatile addition to any floral arrangement, bringing a touch of sunshine and cheer to your space. I hope this inspires you to incorporate these sunny charmers into your next floral masterpiece!

The answer to whether Rudbeckia is invasive depends on two factors: the specific species and the location.

Some Rudbeckia species are considered invasive in certain regions, while others are not. It is important to determine the specific type you are dealing with and research its potential invasiveness in your area.

Here is a breakdown:

Species with Known Invasive Potential:

  • Rudbeckia laciniata (Cutleaf Coneflower): This species is native to eastern North America but can be invasive in parts of Europe, Asia, and even some areas of the western United States. It readily spreads by seeds and rhizomes, potentially displacing native vegetation.
  • Rudbeckia hirta var. pulcherrima (Black-eyed Susan): While not currently listed as invasive in most regions, some sources suggest it can be aggressive in certain areas, particularly disturbed habitats. It spreads mostly by seeds and can easily dominate gardens if not managed.

Species Generally Not Considered Invasive:

  • Rudbeckia hirta var. angustifolia (Black-eyed Susan): This variety of Black-eyed Susan is native to the southeastern United States and is not considered invasive in its native range or most other locations.
  • Rudbeckia fulgida (Orange Coneflower): This species is native to central North America and while it can self-seed readily, it generally does not pose a threat to native ecosystems.

Recommendations:

  • Identify your Rudbeckia species: Check plant tags or consult a reference book to determine the exact species you have.
  • Research potential invasiveness in your area: Consult local resources like conservation organizations or native plant nurseries to understand potential risks specific to your location.
  • Adopt responsible gardening practices: If you have a potentially invasive Rudbeckia, deadhead regularly to prevent seed dispersal. Consider dividing and sharing plants instead of letting those self-seed in your garden.
  • Choose native alternatives: Planting native wildflowers instead of potentially invasive species is a responsible choice that supports biodiversity in your local ecosystem.

By taking these steps, you can enjoy the beauty of Rudbeckia in your garden while also being mindful of its potential environmental impact. Remember, informed gardening practices can make a difference in supporting healthy ecosystems and preserving native biodiversity.

The best time to divide Rudbeckia plants depends on a couple of factors: the climate in your region and the species of Rudbeckia you have. Here is a breakdown:

General Timing:

  • Early Spring (March-April): This is usually the ideal time in most regions, as the soil is warming up and the plants are starting to emerge from dormancy. Dividing during this time allows them to establish themselves before the heat of summer arrives.
  • Fall (September-October): This can also be a good option, especially in warmer climates. However, it is important to divide early enough so the plants have sufficient time to establish before winter dormancy sets in.

Species-Specific Considerations:

  • Black-eyed Susan (R. hirta): Can be divided in both spring and fall.
  • Cutleaf Coneflower (R. laciniata): Best divided in early spring, as fall division may not give them enough time to establish before winter.
  • Orange Coneflower (R. fulgida): Can be divided in spring or fall.

Additional Factors:

  • Flowering: It is best to avoid dividing Rudbeckia when they are in full bloom, as it can stress the plants.
  • Maturity: Younger plants (2-3 years old) generally tolerate division better than older, well-established plants.
  • Weather: Avoid dividing plants on hot, dry days. Choose a mild day with overcast skies or light rain for optimal results.

Conclusion:

For most regions and Rudbeckia species, early spring is generally the safest and most successful time for dividing these plants. However, considering the specific variety you have, and local climate factors will help you choose the best timing for your situation.