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Athyrium (ath-theer-ee-um) Common-fern Family (Polypodiaceae). Athyrium are tall, graceful, deciduous ferns with compound, lance shaped fronds with numerous leaflets. Athyrium grows best in moist soil with a neutral to moderately acidic pH. Partial to full shade is best. To protect the crowns and tender shoots in the spring, it is best to leave the old fronds on the plant over the winter. They can be removed in the spring when the new fronds reach 6 inches tall. If division is necessary, do so in the spring.

Athyrium

Athyrium 'felix-femina' (3.5 inch pot)

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Athyrium

Athyrium 'Ghost' (20)ct Flat

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Athyrium

Athyrium 'Godzilla' (20)ct Flat

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Athyrium

Athyrium f-f. 'Fronds Forever' PPAF (20)ct Flat

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Athyrium

Athyrium felix-forma 'Lady in Red' (20)ct Flat

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Athyrium

Athyrium filix-femina 'Victoriae' (20)ct Flat

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Athyrium

Athyrium n. 'Crested Surf' PP33057 (20)ct Flat

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Athyrium

Athyrium niponicum 'Crested Surf' PP33057 (4) 1-gallons

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Athyrium

Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' (20)ct Flat

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Athyrium

Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' (3.5 inch pot)

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Athyrium

Athyrium Nipponicum 'Pictum' (4) 1-gallons

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Athyrium

Athyrium 'felix-femina' (3.5 inch pot)

Athyrium filix-femina (3.5-inch pot)Common name: Lady Fern Height: 24-36 Inches Spread: 24-36 Inches Hardiness Zone: 3-8 Part Shade to Shade Deciduous Native Slow spreading by rhizomes Fine textured,light green,lacy-like fronds Tolerates sun with...

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Athyrium

Athyrium 'Ghost' (20)ct Flat

Athyrium 'Ghost' (20)ct FlatCommon Name: Ghost Fern A strong tall growing, light silvery gray-green almost glows, creating a ghostly appearance. Upright, arching, triangular delicate, lacey fronds have bluish to maroon midribs. Sterile hybrid sporeling...

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Athyrium

Athyrium 'Godzilla' (20)ct Flat

Athyrium 'Godzilla' (20)ct FlatCommon Name: Giant Japanese Painted Fern Like Athyrium n. ‘Pictum’ on steroids, this giant painted fern was discovered at Plant Delights Nursery in the mid-90s and is thought to be a sporeling of...

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Athyrium

Athyrium f-f. 'Fronds Forever' PPAF (20)ct Flat

Athyrium f-f. 'Fronds Forever' PPAF CPBRAF (20)ct Flat Proven Winners® Common Name: Lady FernMake a statement in the shade with this crested broad-leaved fern! Leaves are flat with cresting along the margins and a tassel at the end of each frond...

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Athyrium

Athyrium felix-forma 'Lady in Red' (20)ct Flat

Athyrium felix-forma 'Lady in Red' (20)ct FlatCommon Name: Lady Fern, Northern Lady Fern Vibrant red-burgundy stipes (stems), creates a sharp contrast with its lacy, green fronds. Stems red color becomes more vivid after second dormancy. Limit...

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Athyrium

Athyrium filix-femina 'Victoriae' (20)ct Flat

Athyrium filix-femina 'Victoriae' (20)ct Flat Common Name: Lady FernThis vigorous selection of A. filix-femina forms a dense mound of cascading dark green fronds. The end and sides of each pinna is crested in a crisscrossing pattern for additional...

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Athyrium

Athyrium n. 'Crested Surf' PP33057 (20)ct Flat

Athyrium niponicum 'Crested Surf' PP33057 CPBRAF (20)ct FlatCommon Name: Crested Japanese Painted Fern 'Crested Surf' looks similar in color to a traditional Japanese Painted Fern, but the tips of the fronds are double crested. A vigorous, taller variety...

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Athyrium

Athyrium niponicum 'Crested Surf' PP33057 (4) 1-gallons

Athyrium niponicum 'Crested Surf' PPAF (4) 1-gallons Common Name: Crested Japanese Painted Fern'Crested Surf' looks similar in color to a traditional Japanese Painted Fern, but the tips of the fronds are double crested. A vigorous, taller variety...

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Athyrium

Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' (20)ct Flat

Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' Common name: JAPANESE PAINTED FERNTri-colored, 12-to-18-inch fronds emerge silvery-gray, almost appearing metallic. Silvery hue is accented by contrasting dark maroon midribs. Spectacular mature blades are triangular with...

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Athyrium

Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' (3.5 inch pot)

Athyrium niponicum var. 'Pictum' (3.5-inch pot) Common name: JAPANESE PAINTED FERN Tri-colored, 12-to-18-inch fronds emerge silvery-gray, almost appearing metallic. Silvery hue is accented by contrasting dark maroon midribs. Spectacular mature...

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Athyrium

Athyrium Nipponicum 'Pictum' (4) 1-gallons

Athyrium niponicum var. 'Pictum' (4) 1-gallons Common name: JAPANESE PAINTED FERN Zone 3b to 8, Part shade to full shade. Height is 8 to 20 inches and slowly spreading clump grows to 18 - 30 inches. 2004 Perennial Plant of the Year. Tri-colored, 12...

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What are the benefits of planting Athyrium?

Athyrium, commonly known as Lady Fern, offers a variety of benefits for your garden besides their beautiful, lacy fronds. Here are some:

Ornamental value: These ferns add a touch of elegance and grace to any shady area. Their delicate fronds come in various shades of green, silver, and even burgundy, depending on the variety. You can plant them in borders, containers, or as ground cover to create a lush, woodland feel.

Low maintenance: Athyrium are generally easy to care for once established. They require moderate watering and prefer moist, well-drained soil. They are also tolerant of neglect and can thrive with minimal attention.

Deer and rabbit resistant: Unlike many other plants, Athyrium are unpalatable to deer and rabbits, making them a great choice for gardeners who struggle with these pests.

Air purification: Studies have shown that ferns, including Athyrium, can help improve indoor air quality by removing common toxins such as formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene. This can be beneficial for people with allergies or respiratory problems.

Wildlife habitat: While they do not attract pollinators like bees and butterflies, the dense foliage of Athyrium provides a haven for small creatures like insects, amphibians, and even small mammals.

Erosion control: The extensive root systems of Athyrium help to hold soil in place, making them a good choice for planting on slopes or in areas prone to erosion.

What are the characteristics of Athyrium?

Here are some of the key characteristics of Athyrium, commonly known as the Lady Fern:

Habit: Athyrium is a perennial fern, meaning it returns year after year. They are clump-forming, with fronds arising from a central point rather than spreading along a rhizome.

Leaves:

Deciduous: They lose their fronds in the fall and grow new ones in the spring.
Lanceolate or ovate in shape: The fronds are typically elongated and pointed at the tip.
Light green in color: Some varieties may have shades of silver or burgundy depending on the specific species.
Finely divided: The fronds are deeply lobed or pinnately divided, giving them a lacy and delicate appearance.

Size: Athyrium can grow anywhere from 1 to 3 feet tall and 1 to 2 feet wide, depending on the species.

Reproduction: Sori, which are clusters of spore-bearing structures, appear on the undersides of the fronds. They are usually covered by a protective flap called an indusium, which helps to disperse the spores when they mature.

Habitat: Athyrium ferns are native to temperate regions of the world and are commonly found in moist, shady woodlands. They thrive in areas with well-drained soil and prefer moderate watering.

Toxicity: It is important to note that Athyrium ferns are toxic to humans and pets if ingested.

Overall, Athyrium ferns are beautiful and low-maintenance plants that can add a touch of elegance and texture to any garden. They are a good choice for gardeners who are looking for shade-loving plants that are easy to care for and resistant to pests.

How do I plant Athyrium?

Planting Athyrium, also known as Lady Fern, is a straightforward process, but providing the right conditions is key to their success. Here is a step-by-step guide:

Timing: The best time to plant Athyrium is either in spring or fall when the soil temperatures are mild, and the threat of frost has passed.

Location: Choose a location that offers partial to full shade. They can tolerate some morning sun but avoid harsh afternoon sun, which can scorch the fronds. Additionally, select a sheltered area protected from strong winds that can damage their delicate fronds.

Soil preparation: Athyrium prefers moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. If your soil is heavy clay or lacks organic matter, amend it by digging in compost, leaf mold, or other organic material before planting. Aim for a slightly acidic to neutral pH level (between 6.0 and 7.0).

Planting:

Dig a hole twice as wide and slightly deeper than the root ball of your Athyrium.
Gently loosen the roots of your Athyrium if it is pot-bound.
Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the crown (the point where the fronds emerge) sits level with the soil surface.
Backfill the hole with the amended soil, tamping it gently to remove air pockets.
Water thoroughly to settle the soil and ensures good moisture around the roots.

Aftercare:

Water your Athyrium regularly, especially during hot and dry periods, to maintain consistent moisture in the soil. However, avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot.
Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
Deadhead any brown or damaged fronds throughout the growing season to maintain a tidy appearance.
Fertilize your Athyrium in the spring with a balanced fertilizer diluted to half strength. Avoid over-fertilizing as this can harm the plant.

By following these steps and providing the appropriate care, your Athyrium should thrive and add a touch of elegance and graceful texture to your garden.

What are varieties of Athyrium?

Here are some popular varieties of Athyrium, commonly known as Lady Fern:

Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern): This is the most common and widely available variety. It has bright green, lacy fronds that can grow up to three feet tall.
Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' (Japanese Painted Fern): This variety is prized for its beautiful silver-gray fronds with hints of red and blue. It grows to about 12-18 inches tall.
Athyrium 'Ghost': This hybrid between A. niponicum 'Pictum' and A. filix-femina has silvery-white fronds that stand out in shady areas. It grows to about 2-3 feet tall.
Athyrium otophorum (Eared Lady Fern): This Asian species has apple-green fronds with contrasting burgundy stems. It grows to about 18-24 inches tall.
Athyrium felix-femina 'Victoriae' (Crested Lady Fern): This variety has upright, crested fronds that resemble a rooster's comb. It grows to about 2-3 feet tall.

These are just a few of the many varieties of Athyrium available. With their diverse colors, textures, and sizes, there is sure to be an Athyrium that is perfect for your garden.

How Do I Care For Athyrium?

Athyriums, also known as Lady Ferns, are low-maintenance plants, but providing the right care will ensure they thrive and add their beautiful, lacy foliage to your landscape. Here is a summary of their needs:

Light: Provide partial to full shade. Avoid harsh afternoon sun, which can scorch the fronds.

Water: Maintain consistent moisture in the soil, especially during hot and dry periods. Water regularly but avoid overwatering, as this can lead to root rot.

Soil: Athyriums prefer moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Amend your soil with compost or leaf mold if needed. Aim for a slightly acidic to neutral pH level (between 6.0 and 7.0).

Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.

Fertilizing: A light application of a balanced fertilizer in the spring diluted to half strength is sufficient. Avoid over-fertilizing.

Pruning: Deadhead any brown or damaged fronds throughout the growing season for a tidy appearance.

Winter Care: Athyriums are cold-hardy, and their fronds will die back in the fall. They will naturally reappear in the spring, so no special winter protection is needed unless you live in a very cold climate.

Additional Tips:

Athyriums are pest and disease resistant. However, keep an eye out for common garden pests like slugs and snails, which can damage the fronds.

They are toxic to humans and pets if ingested, so be mindful if you have children or curious animals around.

By following these simple care tips, you can enjoy your Athyrium for many years to come.

Does Athyrium attract pollinators?

No, Athyrium ferns, including Lady Ferns, do not attract pollinators such as bees, butterflies, or hummingbirds. This is because they are non-flowering plants and do not produce nectar or pollen, which are the main attractants for these pollinators.

However, Athyrium can still play a role in a healthy ecosystem:

Provides habitat for other insects: While not attracting pollinators, the dense foliage of Athyrium can provide a haven for other beneficial insects, including ladybugs, lacewings, and ground beetles, which can help control pest populations in your garden.
Food source for insect larvae: Some species of insects use Athyrium fronds as a food source for their larvae. This can contribute to the overall biodiversity of your garden.
Air purification: Studies have shown that ferns, including Athyrium, can help improve indoor air quality by removing common toxins such as formaldehyde, xylene, and toluene.

Even though they do not directly attract pollinators, Athyrium ferns can still be valuable additions to your garden by providing ecological benefits and adding beautiful, low-maintenance foliage.

Are There Any Common Pests Or Diseases That Affect Athyrium?

Athyrium, also known as Lady Ferns, are considered pest and disease resistant, making them a low-maintenance choice for gardeners. However, there are a few potential issues to keep an eye out for:

Pests:

Slugs and snails: These slimy creatures feed on various plant materials, including fern fronds. They are most active in cool, damp conditions.
Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects can suck the sap from Athyrium fronds, causing them to appear yellow and distorted.

Diseases:

Rhizoctonia solani: This fungal disease can cause crown rot, leading to wilting and stunted growth. It thrives in overly wet conditions.
Botrytis blight: This fungal disease, also known as gray mold, can affect the fronds, causing them to develop brown or grayish spots and wilting. It favors cool, humid conditions.

Here are some tips to prevent pest and disease problems in your Athyrium:

Provide good air circulation: Avoid overcrowding plants and ensure proper spacing to allow for air movement around the fronds.
Water correctly: Water regularly to maintain consistent moisture, but avoid overwatering, which can create favorable conditions for fungal diseases.
Remove debris: Clear away fallen leaves and debris around the base of the plant to discourage pests and improve air circulation.
Monitor for problems: Regularly inspect your Athyrium for signs of pests or diseases. Early detection and treatment can help prevent the problem from spreading.

If you notice any pest or disease issues, several organic methods can be used for control. For example, handpicking and removing slugs and snails can be effective. Insecticidal soap or neem oil spray can be used to control aphids and other sucking insects. However, it is crucial to follow the instructions on the product label carefully and avoid using harsh chemicals near beneficial insects or wildlife.

For severe pest or disease infestations, consulting with a local nursery or gardening expert is recommended. They can help diagnose the specific problem and recommend the most appropriate treatment options.

Can I Use Athyrium in Floral Arrangements?

Yes, you can use Athyrium, also known as Lady Fern, in floral arrangements. Their delicate, lacy fronds and various shades of green, silver, and even burgundy depending on the variety, can add a unique textural element and a touch of elegance to your arrangements.

Here are some things to keep in mind when using Athyrium in floral arrangements:

Choose the right variety: Some varieties of Athyrium have sturdier fronds that are better suited for arrangements compared to others. Opt for varieties with firmer fronds like:

Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern): This classic variety has bright green, lacy fronds.
Athyrium niponicum 'Pictum' (Japanese Painted Fern): This fern boasts beautiful silver-gray fronds with hints of red and blue.
Athyrium otophorum (Eared Lady Fern): This variety features apple-green fronds with contrasting burgundy stems.

Harvest carefully: Use sharp pruners or scissors to cut the fronds at the base of the stem. Avoid taking too many fronds from a single plant, as this can weaken it.

Condition the fronds: To improve their longevity in the arrangement, stand the cut fronds in a deep vase filled with cool water for several hours before using them.

Prepare the stems: For better arrangement flexibility, you can crush the lower ends of the stems slightly. This will make them easier to bend and position.

Use floral water preservative: Adding a floral water preservative to the arrangement water can help extend the lifespan of the Athyrium fronds and other flowers in the arrangement.

Here are some creative ways to incorporate Athyrium in your floral arrangements:

As a textural element: Use the fronds to add contrast and texture to bouquets of flowers with softer textures.

As a backdrop: Arrange the fronds behind the flowers to create a lush and layered effect.

In mixed media arrangements: Combine Athyrium with other natural elements like twigs, branches, or moss for a natural and organic look.

Remember, Athyrium fronds are not as long-lasting as some other floral materials. While they can add a beautiful touch to your arrangements, be prepared to replace them sooner than with other flowers.

Is Athyrium Invasive?

The invasiveness of Athyrium depends on the specific species and your location. Here is a breakdown:

Most native Athyrium species, such as Athyrium filix-femina (Lady Fern) and Athyrium angustum (Narrow-leaved Lady Fern), are not considered invasive in their natural ranges. They typically grow in contained clumps and pose no threat to native ecosystems.

However, some non-native Athyrium species, like Athyrium niponicum (Japanese Painted Fern), can be invasive in certain regions outside their native habitat. In these areas, they may spread aggressively through spores or rhizomes (underground stems), potentially displacing native plants and disrupting natural ecosystems.

To determine the invasiveness of Athyrium in your specific location:

Identify the species: Research the specific variety of Athyrium you are considering planting. Knowing its scientific name will help you find accurate information on its invasiveness.
Check local resources: Consult your local gardening resources, nurseries, or government extension agencies. They can provide reliable information on invasive plants in your area and recommend suitable alternatives if necessary.
Consider alternative native species: If you are concerned about the potential invasiveness of Athyrium, explore planting native fern species. They offer similar aesthetic appeal and ecological benefits without the risk of disrupting the local ecosystem.

By following these steps, you can make informed decisions about planting Athyrium and ensure you are not contributing to the spread of invasive species in your area.

When Is The Best Time To propagate Athyrium?

The best time to propagate Athyrium, also known as Lady Fern, depends on the chosen method:

Division: This is the easiest and most reliable method for propagating Athyrium. The ideal time for division is in early spring before the new fronds begin to unfurl.

Here is why:

Cool temperatures: Early spring provides cool soil temperatures, which are optimum for root development in the divided sections.
New growth: Dividing before new growth emerges minimizes stress on the parent plant as it does not have to support new fronds while establishing new roots.
Recovery time: Dividing early in the growing season allows the newly divided sections ample time to establish themselves and grow strong before winter dormancy.

Spores: Propagating Athyrium through spores is a challenging and time-consuming process not recommended for beginners. However, if you are up for the challenge, you can attempt spore propagation throughout the spring.