Q: Why Choose Phlox Subulata (Creeping Phlox)?

Creeping Phlox is a popular choice for many reasons: Spectacular Spring Display: It produces a dense mat of vibrant flowers in early to mid-spring, covering the foliage almost entirely. Colors typically include shades of pink, purple, blue, and white. Excellent Groundcover: Its low-growing, spreading habit makes it ideal for covering bare ground, suppressing weeds once established, and creating a "carpet" effect. Slope and Erosion Control: The dense root system helps stabilize soil, making it great for planting on banks and slopes. Rock Gardens & Walls: It thrives in well-drained conditions and looks stunning cascading over rock walls or tucked into crevices in rock gardens. Edging and Borders: Provides a neat, colorful edge along pathways, borders, and flower beds. Low Maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care. Drought Tolerant: While it appreciates water during establishment and flowering, mature plants can handle periods of dryness well. Evergreen Foliage: The fine, needle-like foliage remains green (or bronze-green in winter) year-round, providing texture and interest even when not in bloom. Attracts Pollinators: The flowers are a welcome early-season nectar source for butterflies and bees. Hardiness: Generally hardy in USDA Zones 3-9, making it suitable for a wide range of climates.

Q: What are the benefits of planting Phlox subulata?

There are many benefits to planting Phlox subulata, also known as creeping phlox or moss phlox. Beautiful blooms : Creeping phlox produces a vibrant carpet of star-shaped flowers in the spring, coming in a wide range of colors like pink, purple, white, and blue. These blooms are a real showstopper and can add a touch of cheer to any garden. Excellent groundcover : Creeping phlox has a low-growing, mat-forming habit that makes it an ideal groundcover. It can help to suppress weeds, prevent erosion, and retain moisture in the soil. Easy to care for : Once established, creeping phlox is a very low-maintenance plant. It is drought-tolerant and requires little watering or fertilizer. Attracts pollinators : The sweet-smelling flowers of creeping phlox are a magnet for butterflies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators. This can help to create a healthy and vibrant ecosystem in your garden. Versatile : Creeping phlox can be used in a variety of landscaping applications, including rock gardens, border fronts, edging, and containers. It is also a good choice for planting on slopes or in other areas where erosion is a concern. Deer and rabbit resistant : Creeping phlox is relatively resistant to deer and rabbit damage, making it a good choice for gardeners who live in areas with these pests. Evergreen foliage : Even after the flowers have faded, creeping phlox retains its needle-like evergreen foliage, providing year-round interest in the garden. Overall, creeping phlox is a versatile and easy-to-care-for plant that offers a multitude of benefits to gardeners. If you are looking for a low-maintenance plant that will add beauty and interest to your garden, creeping phlox is a great choice.

Question 1

Why Choose Phlox Subulata (Creeping Phlox)?

Accepted Answer

Creeping Phlox is a popular choice for many reasons:

Spectacular Spring Display: It produces a dense mat of vibrant flowers in early to mid-spring, covering the foliage almost entirely. Colors typically include shades of pink, purple, blue, and white.
Excellent Groundcover: Its low-growing, spreading habit makes it ideal for covering bare ground, suppressing weeds once established, and creating a "carpet" effect.
Slope and Erosion Control: The dense root system helps stabilize soil, making it great for planting on banks and slopes.
Rock Gardens & Walls: It thrives in well-drained conditions and looks stunning cascading over rock walls or tucked into crevices in rock gardens.
Edging and Borders: Provides a neat, colorful edge along pathways, borders, and flower beds.
Low Maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care.
Drought Tolerant: While it appreciates water during establishment and flowering, mature plants can handle periods of dryness well.
Evergreen Foliage: The fine, needle-like foliage remains green (or bronze-green in winter) year-round, providing texture and interest even when not in bloom.
Attracts Pollinators: The flowers are a welcome early-season nectar source for butterflies and bees.
Hardiness: Generally hardy in USDA Zones 3-9, making it suitable for a wide range of climates.

Question 2

Planting and Growing Phlox subulata

Accepted Answer

Ideal Timing:

Plant in spring or early fall. This allows roots to establish before the extremes of summer heat or winter cold.

Location:

Sun: Full sun (6+ hours daily) is essential for the best flowering and densest growth. It can tolerate light shade, but flowering will be significantly reduced.
Air Circulation: Good air movement helps prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew.

Soil:

Drainage is Key: Phlox subulata MUST have well-drained soil. It dislikes "wet feet" and can rot in heavy, waterlogged conditions.
Type: Tolerant of various soil types, including sandy or gravelly soils. If you have heavy clay, amend generously with compost or grit to improve drainage.
pH: Prefers average to slightly alkaline soil pH but is adaptable.

Spacing:

Space plants 12-18 inches apart, depending on how quickly you want them to fill in. Closer spacing creates a faster carpet.

Planting Potted Plants:

Dig a hole slightly wider and the same depth as the pot.
Gently remove the plant from its container. If root-bound, gently tease out or score the circling roots.
Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil surface.
Backfill with soil, gently firming it around the root ball.
Water thoroughly.

Planting Bare Root Plants:

Upon Arrival: Unpack immediately. Roots are often packed in damp material (like peat moss). Do not let them dry out. If you can't plant right away, keep them cool and shaded, ensuring the packing material stays slightly damp, or temporarily pot them up.
Rehydration (Optional but Recommended): Soak the roots in a bucket of water for a few hours (usually 1-4 hours, check supplier instructions) before planting. Avoid soaking for too long.
Prepare the Hole: Dig a hole wide enough to accommodate the spread-out roots and deep enough so the crown (where roots meet the stems/foliage) will sit at or just slightly above the soil level. Create a small mound of soil in the center of the hole.
Position the Plant: Drape the roots over the mound in the hole, spreading them downwards and outwards naturally. Ensure the crown is at the correct level – planting too deep is a common mistake and can lead to rot.
Backfill: Gently fill the hole with soil, working it around the roots to eliminate air pockets. Firm the soil gently.
Water Thoroughly: Water immediately and deeply to settle the soil around the roots.

Watering:

Establishment: Water regularly (keeping the soil consistently moist but not soggy) for the first few weeks after planting, especially for bare-root plants.
Mature Plants: Once established, they are quite drought-tolerant. Water during prolonged dry spells, especially in spring before and during flowering, or if plants show signs of stress. Avoid frequent overhead watering, which can encourage disease. Water at the base if possible.

Fertilizing:

Generally not needed, especially in reasonably fertile soil.
If growth seems poor, apply a light dressing of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in early spring. Avoid excessive nitrogen, which can promote leggy foliage growth at the expense of flowers.

Maintenance & Pruning:

Post-Flowering Shear: After the main spring bloom finishes, shear the plants back by about one-third to one-half. This tidies them up, encourages dense new growth, prevents them from becoming woody or leggy, and can sometimes promote sporadic reblooming.
Weeding: Keep the area weed-free, especially while plants are establishing. Mulch can help.
Division: Plants can be divided every few years in early spring or fall if they become overcrowded or die out in the center.

Pests & Diseases:

Spider Mites: Can be an issue in hot, dry conditions. Look for fine webbing. Strong water sprays can dislodge them or use insecticidal soap.
Powdery Mildew: Can occur in humid conditions or with poor air circulation. Ensure good spacing and full sun. Pruning after flowering helps improve air circulation. Fungicides can be used if necessary.
Root Rot: Caused by poorly drained soil. Prevention (good drainage) is the best cure.

You can enjoy a beautiful carpet of Phlox subulata blooms each spring!

Question 3

Phlox subulata Native Areas

Accepted Answer

Phlox subulata is native to eastern and central North America. More specifically, its natural range extends from southern Ontario in Canada, south to the Appalachian Mountains, and west to Arkansas and Missouri.

Here is a more detailed breakdown of its native distribution:

Canada: Ontario (southern regions)
United States:

Northeast: Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont
Southeast: Alabama, Georgia, Kentucky, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia
Midwest: Illinois, Indiana, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri, Ohio, Wisconsin
South-Central: Arkansas, Louisiana

Within this range, it is typically found in the following habitats:

Rocky areas: Rocky ledges, slopes, and outcrops provide the well-drained conditions that Phlox subulata prefers.
Sandy soils: It can also tolerate sandy soils, often found in coastal areas or pine barrens.
Open woodlands: It can grow in open woodlands with dappled sunlight.
Clearings and meadows: It can also be found in open areas within forests or grasslands.

Why is it important to know the native range?

Understanding the native range of Phlox subulata can be helpful for a few reasons:

Choosing suitable plants: If you live within its native range, Phlox subulata is likely to thrive in your garden with minimal care, as it is adapted to the local climate and soil conditions.
Supporting local ecosystems: Planting native species like Phlox subulata can help support local pollinators and other wildlife.
Conservation: Knowing where a plant is native helps with conservation efforts. By planting native species, you can help preserve the genetic diversity of local plant populations.

If you are interested in learning more about the native range of Phlox subulata, you can check out resources like the USDA PLANTS Database or the Biota of North America Program (BONAP). These resources provide detailed maps and information about the distribution of plant species in North America.

Question 4

Phlox subulata Morphology

Accepted Answer

Phlox subulata, commonly known as moss phlox, is a low-growing, mat-forming perennial that is native to eastern and central North America. It is a popular garden plant, known for its vibrant spring blooms and its ability to thrive in a variety of conditions. Here is a breakdown of its morphology:

Growth Habit

Mat-forming: Phlox subulata spreads horizontally, creating a dense mat of foliage that can reach up to 2 feet in width.
Low-growing: It typically reaches a height of 4-6 inches.
Evergreen: In milder climates, the foliage may persist throughout the winter.

Leaves

Shape: Needle-like or awl-shaped (pointed, like a shoemaker's awl). This characteristic is reflected in its specific epithet, "subulata," which means "awl-shaped" in Latin.
Color: Green
Texture: Hairy

Flowers

Arrangement: Borne in loose clusters (cymes) at the ends of the stems.
Shape: Tubular with five flat, petal-like lobes that are often notched at the tip.
Color: Highly variable, including shades of pink, purple, red, white, and blue.
Bloom time: Profusely in mid-spring, with sporadic blooms continuing throughout the growing season.

Other notable features:

Fragrant: The flowers often have a sweet fragrance.
Attracts pollinators: Butterflies and other pollinators are drawn to the vibrant blooms.
Drought tolerant: Once established, Phlox subulata can withstand periods of dryness.

The morphology of Phlox subulata makes it an excellent choice for:

Groundcover: Its spreading habit effectively covers bare ground and suppresses weeds.
Rock gardens: It thrives in well-drained, rocky soils.
Slopes and banks: Helps to control erosion.
Borders and edges: Adds a splash of color to garden beds.

Question 5

Phlox subulata Cultivation

Accepted Answer

Phlox subulata, also known as creeping phlox or moss phlox, is a delightful groundcover known for its vibrant spring blooms and ease of cultivation. Here is a guide to help you successfully grow this beautiful plant:

Planting

Timing: Plant in early spring or early fall. This allows the roots to establish themselves before the summer heat or winter cold.
Location: Choose a spot with full sun (at least 6 hours per day) for optimal flowering. It can tolerate some light shade, especially in hotter climates.
Soil: Well-drained soil is essential for the health and vitality of Phlox subulata. While it can tolerate a wide range of soil types, including sandy or rocky soil, it is crucial to avoid soggy conditions that can lead to root rot. If your soil is heavy clay, consider amending it with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and aeration. This will create a more suitable environment for the plant's roots to thrive and absorb essential nutrients and moisture.
Spacing: Space plants about 12-18 inches apart to allow for spreading.

Care

Watering: Water regularly after planting to help establish roots. Once established, it is fairly drought-tolerant but appreciates watering during prolonged dry spells.
Fertilizing: Not a heavy feeder. A light application of a balanced fertilizer in spring is usually sufficient.
Pruning: After flowering, shear back the stems by about half their length. This encourages denser growth and prevents the plant from becoming leggy. You can also deadhead spent flowers to promote reblooming.
Mulching: Apply a thin layer of mulch around the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Propagation

Division: Divide established clumps in spring or fall.
Cuttings: Take stem cuttings in spring or summer.

Pests and Diseases

Powdery mildew: Can be a problem in humid conditions. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering.
Spider mites: May infest plants during hot, dry weather.
Root rot: Caused by poorly drained soil.

Tips

To encourage a dense mat, gently walk on newly planted phlox to help the stems root into the soil.
Phlox subulata is relatively deer-resistant.
It is a great choice for rock gardens, slopes, borders, and as a groundcover under taller plants.

By following these guidelines, you can enjoy a thriving carpet of colorful Phlox subulata in your garden.

Question 6

Calendar of Care – Phlox subulata Maintenance

Accepted Answer

Phlox subulata Calendar of Care

This calendar provides a general guideline for maintaining your Phlox subulata. Remember to adjust timing based on your specific climate and the plant's needs.

Early Spring (March - April)

Cleanup: Remove any winter debris or dead foliage from around the plants.
Fertilize: Apply a light application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer.
Divide: If your Phlox subulata clumps have become overcrowded or the center of the plant is beginning to die out, it is time to divide them. This will rejuvenate the plant, promote vigorous growth, and encourage more abundant flowering. To divide your Phlox subulata, carefully dig up the entire clump. Gently separate the clump into smaller divisions, each with healthy roots and shoots. Replant the divisions in well-prepared soil, spacing them appropriately. Dividing your Phlox subulata every 2-3 years will help maintain its health and vigor.

Mid-Spring (April - May)

Enjoy the Bloom: This is the peak flowering season for Phlox subulata. Enjoy the vibrant display of color!
Deadhead: Remove spent flowers to encourage reblooming and prevent self-seeding.

Late Spring (May - June)

Shear: After flowering, shear back the stems by about half their length to promote denser growth, prevent legginess, and encourage a more compact and tidy appearance. This pruning also helps to stimulate new growth and a potential second flush of blooms later in the season. Removing the spent flower stalks will also direct the plant's energy towards producing new growth and buds, rather than seed production.
Monitor for pests: Keep an eye out for powdery mildew, spider mites, or other pests.

Summer (July - August)

Water: Provide supplemental watering during prolonged dry periods.
Weed: Remove any weeds that may be competing with your phlox.

Fall (September - October)

Plant: This is a good time to plant new Phlox subulata.
Mulch: Apply a thin layer of mulch around the plants to help insulate the roots and conserve moisture over the winter.

Winter (November - February)

Protect: In colder climates, consider providing some winter protection, such as a light layer of evergreen boughs, especially for young plants.

Important Notes:

Adjust for your climate: This calendar is a general guide. You may need to adjust the timing of tasks based on your specific climate and growing conditions. For example, in warmer climates, you may need to water more frequently during the summer months. In colder climates, you may need to provide additional winter protection for your Phlox subulata.
Adapt to your specific needs: The care you provide for your Phlox subulata will also depend on your personal preferences and goals. If you want to encourage more vigorous growth, you may want to fertilize more frequently. If you prefer a more compact and tidy appearance, you may want to prune more often.
Observe your plants: Pay close attention to your Phlox subulata and adjust your care as needed. If you notice signs of stress, such as wilting or yellowing leaves, investigate the cause and take appropriate action.
Enjoy the process: Gardening is a rewarding experience. Take the time to enjoy the beauty of your Phlox subulata and the satisfaction of caring for your plants.

This calendar will help you keep your Phlox subulata healthy and vibrant throughout the year. With proper care, you can enjoy its beautiful blooms and lush foliage for many seasons to come!

Question 7

What are heights of Phlox subulata

Accepted Answer

Phlox subulata is generally a low-growing plant, but its height can vary slightly depending on the cultivar and growing conditions. Here is a general idea:

Typical Height: Most Phlox subulata varieties reach a height of 4-6 inches (10-15 cm). This low profile makes it an excellent groundcover, as it spreads horizontally to form a dense mat of foliage and flowers.
Maximum Height: In ideal conditions, some cultivars may reach a maximum height of up to 8 inches (20 cm), but this is less common.

Factors that can influence the height include:

Cultivar: Some cultivars are naturally more compact or taller than others.
Sunlight: Plants grown in full sun tend to be more compact and slightly shorter than those grown in partial shade.
Soil fertility: While Phlox subulata is not a heavy feeder, very fertile soil may encourage slightly taller growth.
Moisture: Consistent moisture can promote growth, but overly wet conditions can lead to legginess.

If you are looking for a specific height, it is always a good idea to check the plant tag or description when purchasing Phlox subulata. This will give you a better idea of the expected mature size of the specific cultivar you are interested in.

Question 8

Phlox subulata Species, Groups, Varieties and Cultivars

Accepted Answer

Here is how it breaks down for Phlox subulata:

Species: This is the basic unit of classification. Phlox subulata is the specific species about which we are talking. It has distinct characteristics that differentiate it from other Phlox species.
Groups: While there are not formally defined "groups" within Phlox subulata, sometimes you might see them loosely categorized by flower color (e.g., "pink-flowering cultivars," "white-flowering cultivars"). This is just for convenience and does not have a strict botanical basis.
Varieties: These are naturally occurring variations within a species. Phlox subulata has a few varieties, though they are not commonly encountered in garden centers. These naturally occurring variations can have subtle differences in flower color, plant habit, or hardiness. For example, Phlox subulata var. australis is a variety that is native to the southeastern United States. It has a slightly different growth habit than the typical Phlox subulata and is often found growing in sandy soils along the coast. Another example is Phlox subulata var. nana, which is a dwarf variety that grows only 2-4 inches tall. It is a good choice for rock gardens or as a groundcover in small spaces.
Cultivars: This is where the real diversity comes in! Cultivars are plants that have been specifically bred or selected for desirable traits like flower color, growth habit, or disease resistance. Here are some popular Phlox subulata cultivars:

'Emerald Blue': Lavender-blue flowers
'Emerald Pink': Soft pink flowers
'Candy Stripe': White flowers with a pink stripe
'Scarlet Flame': Bright red flowers
'Purple Beauty': Deep purple flowers
'White Delight': Pure white flowers
'Apple Blossom': Light pink flowers with a darker eye
'Fort Hill': Lavender-pink flowers with a darker eye

There are many more cultivars available, each with its own unique characteristics. When choosing a cultivar, consider factors like flower color, growth habit, and your specific garden conditions.

Question 9

Phlox subulata for mass planting

Accepted Answer

Phlox subulata is a fantastic choice for mass planting! Its low-growing, spreading habit and vibrant blooms create a stunning carpet of color when planted in large swaths. Here is why it works so well and some tips for success:

Why Phlox subulata excels in mass plantings:

Groundcover: It effectively covers large areas, suppressing weeds and preventing erosion. A dense mat of Phlox subulata can help to reduce the need for mowing and weeding, making it a low-maintenance groundcover.
Low Maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care. It is drought-tolerant and deer-resistant, making it a great choice for busy gardeners.
Color Impact: The profusion of blooms in spring creates a dramatic display. A mass planting of Phlox subulata can add a vibrant splash of color to any landscape.
Versatile: Thrives in a variety of conditions, including sunny slopes, rocky areas, and borders. It can also be used in containers or as a spiller in hanging baskets.
Pollinator-friendly: Attracts bees and butterflies, enhancing biodiversity. A mass planting of Phlox subulata can provide a valuable food source for pollinators, helping to support local ecosystems.

Tips for mass planting Phlox subulata:

Planning:

Spacing: Space plants 12-18 inches apart to allow for spreading. Closer spacing creates a quicker, denser effect, but requires more initial plants.
Layout: Consider the mature size and spread. Plan for pathways or breaks within the mass planting if needed.

Soil Preparation:

Drainage: Ensure excellent drainage. Phlox subulata dislikes wet feet and is susceptible to root rot in poorly drained soils. Amend heavy clay soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.
Sunlight: Choose a site with full sun (at least 6 hours per day). While Phlox subulata can tolerate some light shade, it will flower most profusely in full sun.
Soil Fertility: Phlox subulata is not a heavy feeder, but it will benefit from well-drained, moderately fertile soil. Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to leggy growth and reduced flowering.
Soil pH: Phlox subulata prefers a slightly acidic soil pH in the range of 6.0-6.5. If your soil is too alkaline, you can amend it with organic matter like compost or pine needles to lower the pH.

Proper soil preparation is essential for the health and vigor of your Phlox subulata planting. By ensuring good drainage and providing adequate sunlight, you can create the ideal growing conditions for these beautiful plants.

Planting:

Timing: Plant in early spring or early fall, when the soil temperature is cool, but the ground is not frozen. This allows the roots to establish themselves before the hot summer weather arrives.
Preparation: Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball of the Phlox subulata plant. Loosen the soil in the bottom of the hole to create a well-drained environment for the roots.
Planting: Gently place the plant in the hole, making sure that the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Backfill the hole with soil, firming it gently around the roots. Water the newly planted Phlox subulata thoroughly to settle the soil and help the roots make good contact with the soil.
Watering: Water regularly after planting to help establish the roots. Once established, Phlox subulata is fairly drought-tolerant, but it will benefit from occasional watering during dry spells, especially in hot, sunny locations.
Mulching: Apply a thin layer of mulch around the plants to help retain moisture and suppress weeds. Mulch also helps to protect the roots from extreme temperatures and can improve soil fertility over time.

Maintenance:

Watering: Water regularly until established, then only during prolonged dry spells.
Fertilizing: A light application of balanced fertilizer in spring is usually sufficient.
Pruning: Shear back after flowering to maintain shape and encourage denser growth.

Design Ideas for Mass Plantings:

Slopes and Banks: Stabilize slopes and prevent erosion with a colorful blanket of Phlox subulata. The cascading effect of the plants cascading down a slope is particularly stunning.
Rock Gardens: Integrate Phlox subulata among rocks and other alpine plants. The low-growing habit and vibrant flowers make it a perfect choice for adding color and texture to rock gardens.
Borders: Create a vibrant border along walkways or garden beds. A mass planting of Phlox subulata can add a bold statement to any garden.
Underplanting: Use Phlox subulata as a groundcover beneath taller shrubs or trees. The dense mat of foliage will help to suppress weeds and create a visually appealing groundcover.
Meadow Gardens: Combine with other native wildflowers for a naturalized look. Phlox subulata's low-growing habit and vibrant blooms complement the airy and informal style of a meadow garden.
Container Gardens: Plant Phlox subulata in containers for a colorful and low-maintenance display on patios, balconies, or entryways.
Edging: Create a clean and defined edge for garden beds or pathways with a mass planting of Phlox subulata.
Formal Gardens: Use Phlox subulata to create a formal and symmetrical design.
Informal Gardens: Use Phlox subulata to create a more relaxed and natural look.

Additional Tips:

Choose a variety of cultivars: This will create a more dynamic and interesting display.
Consider the color scheme: Choose cultivars with complementary or contrasting colors.
Plant in groups of odd numbers: This creates a more visually appealing and natural look.
Water deeply and infrequently: This encourages deep root growth and drought tolerance.
Mulch to conserve moisture and suppress weeds.
Deadhead spent blooms to encourage continuous flowering.
Divide every 2-3 years to rejuvenate the plants.

By following these tips, you can create a stunning mass planting of Phlox subulata that will bring beauty and color to your garden for years to come.

With careful planning and proper care, a mass planting of Phlox subulata can transform your landscape into a breathtaking spectacle of color.

Question 10

Phlox subulata Names

Accepted Answer

Common Name(s): Creeping Phlox, Flowering Moss, Ground Pink, Moss Phlox, Moss Pink, Moss-pink, Mountain Pink, Rock Phlox, Thrift

Previously known as: Phlox brittonii, Phlox setacea

Phonetic Spelling FLOCKS sub-yoo-LAH-tah

Genus: Phlox
Species: subulata
Family: Polemoniaceae

Question 11

Moss Phlox: A Low-Growing Springtime Gem

Accepted Answer

Moss phlox (Phlox subulata) is a beloved perennial known for its vibrant display of color and low-growing habit. This hardy plant forms dense, mat-like patches that can spread up to 2-3 feet wide, making it an ideal choice for ground covers, rock gardens, and edgings.

Appearance and Growth:

Height: Typically reaches 6 inches tall.
Leaves: Needle-like, linear to awl-shaped leaves provide a dense, moss-like appearance.
Flowers: Tubular flowers, typically 3/4 inch long, bloom in a variety of colors including pink, lavender, reddish-purple, and white. The blooms appear in loose clusters and are most abundant in early to mid-spring.

Growing Conditions:

Soil: Prefers moist, well-drained, humus soils, but can tolerate sandy and gravely conditions.
Sun: Thrives in full sun, but appreciates some dappled shade during hot, humid summers.
Climate: Tolerant of drought, air pollution, and deer.

Care and Maintenance:

Pruning: Cut back stems by half after flowering to maintain shape and encourage dense growth.
Propagation: Can be propagated by division or cuttings.

Garden Uses:

Ground Cover: Ideal for covering bare patches in sunny areas.
Rock Gardens: Adds color and texture to rock gardens.
Edgings: Creates a colorful border for paths or flowerbeds.
Foundation Plantings: Can be used to cover the base of shrubs or trees.
Native Plant Gardens: A valuable addition to native plant gardens.

Additional Notes:

Native Range: Moss phlox is native to the central and eastern portions of Canada and the United States, particularly in dry, rocky, or sandy areas.
Cultivars: Many cultivars are available with varying flower colors and growth habits.
With its vibrant blooms, low-maintenance requirements, and adaptability to different growing conditions, moss phlox is a versatile and rewarding addition to any garden.
Seasons of Interest: Blooms: Spring Foliage: Spring, Summer, and Fall
Creeping, dense, mat-like herbaceous perennial, up to 6 inches tall and 2 to 3 feet wide
Opposite, linear to awl-shaped, needle-like green foliage up to 1-inch long
Loose clusters of tubular flowers, 3/4-inch wide, five flat notched petals of lavender, pink, white, or red

Insects, Diseases, and Other Plant Problems: Moss phlox is relatively pest and disease-free and has moderate drought tolerance. It is resistant to powdery mildew, unlike most other species of phlox. Spider mites can be a problem in hot, dry conditions, and nematodes can cause damage to the leaves in wet and humid conditions. Rabbits may feed on the foliage, but it is less palatable to deer. Some cultivars have shown good resistance to phytophthora and southern blight. See Phytophthora Root and Crown Rot in the Landscape.

Question 12

Phlox subulata Attributes

Accepted Answer

Perennial

Propagation: Division, Root Cutting, Stem Cutting
Country Or Region Of Origin: Central and Eastern Canada and Central and Eastern United States
Attractive Flowers, Attracts Pollinators, Colorful, Wildlife Food Source
Ground Cover, Herbaceous Perennial, Native Plant, Semi-evergreen
Habit/Form: Creeping, Dense, Horizontal, Prostrate, Spreading
Growth Rate: Medium
Maintenance: Low
Partial Sunlight to Full sun
Soil Texture: High Organic Matter, Loam (Silt), Sand, Shallow Rocky
Soil pH: Acid (<6.0)
Soil Drainage: Good Drainage, Moist, Occasionally Dry
Spacing To Plant: 12 inches-3 feet
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone: 3a, 3b, 4a, 4b, 5a, 5b, 6a, 6b, 7a, 7b, 8a, 8b, 9a, 9b

Flowers

Flower Color: Blue, Pink, Purple/Lavender, Red/Burgundy, White
Flower Inflorescence: Cyme
Fragrant, Showy
Flower Bloom Time: Spring
Flower Shape: Tubular
Flower Petals: 4-5 petals/rays
Flower Size: < 1 inch

Flower Description: Moss phlox has loose, terminal, flattened clusters or cymes of 2 to 8, fragrant, tubular flowers that are up to 3/4 inches wide and bloom in April-May. The flowers are red-purple to bluish-purple, pink, or infrequently white. Each flower has five, flat, petal-like, rounded, notched lobes. The calyx is 5-lobed, and green, and the lobes are awl-shaped, tapering to a point The corolla is slender, tubular with the 5 lobes spreading at right angles to the tube and less than an inch in size. Inside the tube are five stamens and a pistil with a 3-parted style. The sepals and flower stalks are hairy, green, or purplish.

Leaves: Woody Plant Leaf Characteristics:
Semi-evergreen
Leaf Color: Green

Leaves are opposite, 1/4 to 3/4-inch long, 1-2 mm wide, linear to awl-shaped, and have a sharply pointed tip. The leaves are semi-evergreen, small, simple, acute, entire, semi-rigid, green, and awl-shaped. They are stalkless and densely arranged. White hairs are fringed along the edges.

Meadow, Naturalized Area, Rock Wall, Slope/Bank, Small Space, Walkways, Woodland

Butterfly Garden, Cottage Garden, Drought Tolerant Garden, Native Garden, Pollinator Garden, Rock Garden, Border, Foundation Planting, Mass Planting, Small groups

Attracts: Bees, Butterflies, Hummingbirds, Pollinators

Resistance To: Deer, Drought, Dry Soil, Erosion, Pollution, Poor Soil, Salt

Question 13

What are the benefits of planting Phlox subulata?

Accepted Answer

There are many benefits to planting Phlox subulata, also known as creeping phlox or moss phlox.

Beautiful blooms: Creeping phlox produces a vibrant carpet of star-shaped flowers in the spring, coming in a wide range of colors like pink, purple, white, and blue. These blooms are a real showstopper and can add a touch of cheer to any garden.

Excellent groundcover: Creeping phlox has a low-growing, mat-forming habit that makes it an ideal groundcover. It can help to suppress weeds, prevent erosion, and retain moisture in the soil.

Easy to care for: Once established, creeping phlox is a very low-maintenance plant. It is drought-tolerant and requires little watering or fertilizer.

Attracts pollinators: The sweet-smelling flowers of creeping phlox are a magnet for butterflies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators. This can help to create a healthy and vibrant ecosystem in your garden.

Versatile: Creeping phlox can be used in a variety of landscaping applications, including rock gardens, border fronts, edging, and containers. It is also a good choice for planting on slopes or in other areas where erosion is a concern.

Deer and rabbit resistant: Creeping phlox is relatively resistant to deer and rabbit damage, making it a good choice for gardeners who live in areas with these pests.

Evergreen foliage: Even after the flowers have faded, creeping phlox retains its needle-like evergreen foliage, providing year-round interest in the garden.

Overall, creeping phlox is a versatile and easy-to-care-for plant that offers a multitude of benefits to gardeners. If you are looking for a low-maintenance plant that will add beauty and interest to your garden, creeping phlox is a great choice.

Question 14

What are the characteristics of Phlox subulata?

Accepted Answer

Some key characteristics of Phlox subulata, commonly known as creeping phlox or moss phlox:

Appearance:

·Low-growing, mat-forming perennial with needle-like, evergreen foliage.
·Typically grows to 4-6 inches tall and spreads up to two feet wide.
·Produces small, star-shaped flowers in various shades of pink, purple, white, and blue during spring.
·Flowers are about ¾ inches wide and have five, flat, petal-like lobes with distinctive notches.

Growing conditions:

·Thrives in full sun or part shade.
·Adapts to well-drained soils, even tolerating poor, sandy, or rocky soils.
·Drought-tolerant once established.
·Prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil pH.

Care and maintenance:

·Requires minimal watering, especially after establishment.
·Benefits from light fertilization in early spring.
·Deadheading spent flowers can encourage continued blooming.
·May need occasional division to prevent overcrowding every 3-5 years.

Benefits:

·Provides beautiful blooms and year-round interest in the garden.
·Excellent groundcover that helps suppress weeds and prevent erosion.
·Attracts butterflies, hummingbirds, and other pollinators.
·Easy to care for and relatively pest and disease resistant.

Varieties:

·Numerous cultivars are available with different flower colors, including 'Emerald Pink', 'Drummond's Pink', 'McKay's White', and 'Blue Emerald'.

Overall, Phlox subulata is a versatile and low-maintenance plant that adds beauty and ecological value to gardens. Its vibrant blooms, easy care, and adaptability to various conditions make it a popular choice for gardeners of all levels.

Question 15

How Do I Plant Phlox subulata?

Accepted Answer

Planting Phlox subulata is relatively straightforward, and with proper care, it will reward you with a vibrant carpet of blooms in the spring! Here is what you need to know:

Timing:

·The best time to plant Phlox subulata on your specific location and climate. Aim for a period when the soil is workable, and the air temperature stays consistently above freezing. This is generally fall or early spring. However, do note that fall planting generally leads to better establishment before the summer heat arrives.

Choosing a Location:

·Phlox subulata thrives in full sun to part shade. Choose a location that receives at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day. It can tolerate some shade, but flowering might be less prolific.
·Ensure the soil has good drainage. Phlox subulata does not like sitting in soggy soil. If your soil is heavy clay, consider amending it with compost or sand to improve drainage.

Planting Steps:

·Prepare the planting area: Clear away any weeds or debris. Loosen the soil to a depth of about eight inches. If needed, amend the soil with compost or aged manure to improve drainage and fertility.
·Dig planting holes: Space the holes according to the mature size of the chosen variety. For most creeping phlox, this will be around 12-18 inches apart.
·Plant the Phlox: Gently remove the Phlox from its container, teasing apart any tightly wound roots. Place the plant in the hole and ensure the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Backfill the hole and firm the soil gently around the plant.
·Water thoroughly: Water deeply to settle the soil around the roots and provide initial moisture.

Aftercare:

·Water regularly, especially during the first growing season, until the plant is established. Water deeply but less frequently as the roots become established.
·Apply a light layer of mulch around the base of the plant to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
·Deadhead spent flowers to encourage continued blooming and prevent unwanted self-seeding.
·Fertilize sparingly. A light application of balanced fertilizer in early spring is sufficient.
·Divide overcrowded plants every 3-5 years to maintain vigor and prevent dieback.

Additional Tips:

Consider your desired coverage. If you want a dense carpet of Phlox, plant closer together.
·Water more frequently during hot, dry spells.
·Deadheading also promotes bushier growth.
·You can propagate Phlox subulata through division or stem cuttings.

By following these simple steps, you can successfully plant and care for Phlox subulata and enjoy its vibrant blooms for years to come!

Question 16

What Are Varieties Of Phlox subulata?

Accepted Answer

There are many varieties of Phlox subulata, also known as creeping phlox or moss phlox, each with its own unique flower color and characteristics. Here are some of the most popular ones:

Blue Emerald: This variety has delicate lavender-blue flowers that blanket the foliage in late spring. It creates a subtle swathe of color and is perfect for borders, rock gardens, and slopes.

Emerald Pink: As the name suggests, this variety features soft pink blooms that appear in early spring. The dark green foliage creates a nice contrast to the flowers, making it a popular choice for groundcovers and edging.

Candy Stripes: This unique variety has white flowers with pink stripes, adding a touch of whimsy to the garden. It blooms in mid-spring and is a good choice for containers or rock gardens.

Fort Hill: This variety boasts deep rose-colored blooms that create a vibrant carpet of color in early spring. It is deer resistant and tolerant of dry spells, making it a good choice for challenging growing conditions.

McDaniel's Cushion: This variety has large, lavender-pink flowers that bloom in mid-spring. The compact habit makes it ideal for planting in small spaces or between pavers.

Phlox Trot™ Pink: This newer variety features bright pink flowers with a deeper pink eye. It has a long blooming season and is resistant to powdery mildew, a common disease in phlox.

Purple Beauty: This variety lives up to its name with its vibrant purple flowers that bloom in early spring. The dark green foliage provides a nice backdrop for the blooms, making it a stunning choice for groundcovers and borders.

Scarlet Flame: This variety has fiery red flowers that add a touch of drama to the garden. It blooms in mid-spring and is a good choice for sunny locations.

Nettleton's Variation: This unique variety has white-edged, needle-like foliage that is flushed pink during the colder months. In early spring, the foliage is topped with clusters of large salmon pink flowers, making it perfect for the rock garden.

These are just a few of the many varieties of Phlox subulata available. With so many options to choose from, you are sure to find one that is perfect for your garden.

Question 17

How Do I Care For Phlox subulata In My Garden?

Accepted Answer

Taking care of Phlox subulata in your garden is relatively easy, and with a little effort, you can keep it thriving and blooming beautifully for years to come. Here is a summary of the key care steps:

Watering:

·Newly planted: Water regularly, especially during dry spells, until the roots are established (usually after the first year). Aim for deep watering but allow the soil to dry slightly between waterings.
·Established plants: Generally, drought-tolerant once established, but water during hot, dry periods to prevent wilting.

Sunlight:

·Prefers full sun to part shade. Aim for at least 6 hours of direct sunlight per day for optimal blooming.

Soil:

·Thrives in well-draining soil. If your soil is heavy clay, amend it with compost or sand to improve drainage.
·Prefers slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (6.0-7.5).

Fertilizing:

·Requires minimal fertilization. A light application of balanced fertilizer in early spring is sufficient. Overfertilization can encourage leggy growth and reduce flowering.

Deadheading:

·Deadheading spent flowers encourages continued blooming and prevents unwanted self-seeding. Simply remove the faded flowers by pinching or snipping them off where the stalk meets the main stem.

Division:

·Every 3-5 years, divide overcrowded plants to maintain vigor and prevent dieback. This is best done in early spring or fall. Simply dig up the plant, carefully separate the root ball into smaller sections, and replant them in suitable locations.

Additional Tips:

·Apply a light layer of mulch around the base of the plant to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
·Watch out for powdery mildew, a common disease in phlox, especially in hot and humid conditions. Improve air circulation around the plants and remove infected leaves if necessary.
·Phlox subulata is generally deer and rabbit resistant, but if you experience problems, consider using physical barriers or repellents.

By following these simple steps, you can ensure your Phlox subulata thrives in your garden and rewards you with its vibrant blooms for years to come!

Question 18

Do Phlox subulata attract pollinators?

Accepted Answer

Phlox subulata, also known as creeping phlox or moss phlox, is a magnet for pollinators. Here is why:

Flower characteristics:

·Sweetly scented: The flowers emit a sweet fragrance that attracts butterflies, bees, and other nectar-loving insects.
·Open and accessible: The star-shaped flowers have shallow corollas, allowing pollinators easy access to the nectar within.
·Bright colors: Many varieties have vibrant pinks, purples, and blues, which are particularly attractive to pollinators like butterflies.
·Long blooming season: Flowers typically bloom in spring and early summer, providing a valuable nectar source during a crucial time for pollinators.

Pollinator benefits:

·Increased pollination: Attracting pollinators helps ensure successful fruit and seed production for both the phlox and other flowering plants in your garden.
·Biodiversity boost: By providing food and shelter for pollinators, you contribute to a healthy and diverse ecosystem in your garden.
·Beauty with a purpose: Enjoying the beautiful blooms of phlox while knowing they are supporting essential pollinators is a rewarding experience.

Some specific pollinators attracted to Phlox subulata:

·Butterflies: Swallowtails, monarchs, fritillaries, and skippers are common visitors.
·Bees: Bumblebees, honeybees, and mason bees are frequent guests.
·Hummingbirds: Some varieties with red flowers, like Red Riding Hood, can attract hummingbirds.
·Other pollinators: Hoverflies, wasps, and flies also benefit from the nectar and pollen offered by phlox.

By planting Phlox subulata in your garden, you can create a beautiful and welcoming environment for pollinators while enjoying the benefits they bring to your own flora and fauna.

Question 19

Are There Any Common Pests Or Diseases That Affect Phlox subulata?

Accepted Answer

While Phlox subulata is generally a low-maintenance and disease-resistant plant, there are a few common pests and diseases to keep an eye out for:

Pests:

·Spider mites: These tiny pests feed on the undersides of leaves, causing them to turn yellow and dry out. They thrive in hot, dry conditions. Look for webbing on the leaves and use insecticidal soap or neem oil for control.
·Leafhoppers: These small, jumping insects can suck the sap from leaves, causing them to become discolored and stunted. Insecticidal soap or neem oil can also help control them.
·Caterpillars: Various caterpillars can munch on the leaves of phlox. Handpicking or using Bt (Bacillus thuringiensis) can be effective.

Diseases:

·Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as a white, powdery coating on leaves and stems. It thrives in hot, humid conditions. Improve air circulation around the plants, remove infected leaves, and use fungicide if necessary.
·Leaf spots: Several fungal and bacterial diseases can cause leaf spots, which appear as brown or yellow spots on the leaves. Improve air circulation and avoid overhead watering. Remove infected leaves and consider fungicide if the problem persists.
·Root rot: This fungal disease can damage the roots, causing the plant to wilt and eventually die. Ensure well-draining soil and avoid overwatering.

Additional notes:

·Phlox subulata is generally deer and rabbit resistant due to its bitter taste and low-growing nature. However, if you experience problems, consider using physical barriers or repellents.
·Foliar nematodes can also be a problem in some areas, causing stunted growth and distorted leaves. Unfortunately, there is no easy control for this, and severely affected plants may need to be removed and destroyed.

Remember, prevention is key! By providing proper care and choosing resistant varieties, you can minimize the risk of pests and diseases affecting your Phlox subulata.

Question 20

Can I Use genus Phlox subulata in Floral Arrangements?

Accepted Answer

While technically possible, using Phlox subulata in floral arrangements might not be the most practical or ideal choice due to several factors:

Stem strength: Phlox subulata has delicate stems and shallow roots, making them not very sturdy for arrangements. They might wilt or droop easily, especially in heavier compositions.
Bloom size and longevity: The individual flowers of Phlox subulata are relatively small (¾ inches wide) compared to many popular cut flowers. Additionally, while they bloom profusely in the garden, their individual bloom time within an arrangement might be shorter than desired.
Difficulty in handling: Due to their delicate nature, Phlox subulata can be prone to damage during harvesting and arranging. The stems might break easily, and the small flowers could be dislodged.

Alternatives for similar aesthetics: If you desire a similar look in your arrangements, consider other flower options with more suitable characteristics for cut flowers, such as:

Baby's breath (Gypsophila paniculata): Provides a similar airy and cascading effect with small white flowers and sturdier stems.
Dianthus varieties: Offer diverse flower shapes and colors, often with a long-lasting bloom time and stronger stems.
Lacecap hydrangeas: Feature small, densely packed flowers on sturdy stems, creating a similar textural interest.
Statice (Limonium sinuatum): Offers dried flowers with long-lasting color and texture, resembling the low-growing aspect of Phlox subulata.

Ultimately, the decision to use Phlox subulata in your arrangements depends on your specific needs and preferences. If you prioritize uniqueness and are willing to handle them with extra care, you can experiment with incorporating them. However, for easier handling and longer vase life, alternative flower choices might be more suitable.

Question 21

Is Phlox subulata Invasive?

Accepted Answer

The invasiveness of Phlox subulata, also known as creeping phlox or moss phlox, depends on your specific location and the cultivar you plan to plant.

Generally, here is what you need to know:

Native range: Phlox subulata is native to the eastern United States, ranging from Maine to Minnesota and south to Georgia and Louisiana. In its native range, it is not considered invasive.
Invasive potential: However, in areas outside its native range, it can sometimes become invasive, particularly in disturbed areas or open woodlands. It can spread aggressively through its creeping habit and prolific seed production, potentially displacing native vegetation.
Cultivar variations: The invasiveness potential also varies depending on the specific cultivar. Some cultivars, like 'Emerald Pink' and 'McKay's White', are considered less invasive than others due to their sterile flowers which prevent them from self-seeding.

Before planting Phlox subulata, it is crucial to consider the following:

Your location: Check with your local authorities or gardening organizations to determine if Phlox subulata is listed as an invasive species in your area.
Specific cultivar: Choose a cultivar known to be less invasive, such as those with sterile flowers.
Planting location: Avoid planting it in areas near natural habitats or disturbed ecosystems where it could potentially spread and harm native plants.

Here are some resources to help you find information about invasive plants in your area:

The National Invasive Species Information Center: https://www.invasivespeciesinfo.gov/us

Your local extension office: https://www.nifa.usda.gov/

By making informed choices and choosing non-invasive cultivars, when possible, you can enjoy the beauty of Phlox subulata in your garden while minimizing the risk of it becoming invasive and harming the local ecosystem.

Question 22

When Is The Best Time To propagate Phlox subulata?

Accepted Answer

There are two main methods for propagating Phlox subulata: division and stem cuttings. The best time for each method depends on your location and specific goals:

Division:

·Fall (late September to November): This is generally considered the ideal time for division in most climates. The cooler temperatures and increased moisture are beneficial for root establishment before winter.
·Early spring (March to April): This can also be a viable option, especially in warmer climates. However, ensure the soil is workable and temperatures stay consistently above freezing.

Stem Cuttings:

·Summer (June to August): This is the optimal time for taking stem cuttings, as the plants are actively growing and produce vigorous young shoots.
·Fall (September to October): Taking cuttings in early fall can also be successful, and some gardeners find rooted cuttings establish better over winter.

Here is a table summarizing the best propagation times based on method and location:

Propagation Method	Warm Climate (Zones 8-10)	Cool Climate (Zones 4-7)
Division	Early spring (March-April) or fall (late Sept-Nov)	Fall (late Sept-Nov)
Stem Cuttings	Summer (June-Aug) or early fall (Sept-Oct)	Summer (June-Aug)

Additional factors to consider:

·Your specific growing season: Adjust the timing based on your local climate and when plants actively grow in your area.
·Plant maturity: Choose healthy, established plants for division, allowing at least 2-3 years of growth.
·Weather conditions: Avoid periods of extreme heat or drought when propagating.

By choosing the right timing and following proper techniques, you can successfully propagate Phlox subulata and enjoy its vibrant blooms in your garden for years to come.

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Phlox subulata FAQ