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Ligularia
Bold Foliage, Bright Blooms for Shade
- Dramatic Foliage: Ligularia is prized for its large, bold, and often uniquely shaped leaves. Depending on the variety, leaves can be rounded, heart-shaped, toothed, or deeply dissected, providing a strong textural element to the garden.
- Shade-Loving Beauty: Ligularia thrives in shady conditions where many other flowering plants struggle. It is perfect for brightening up woodland gardens, shady borders, or areas along streams and ponds.
- Showy Flowers: In summer, Ligularia produces tall spikes or clusters of daisy-like flowers, typically in shades of yellow, orange, or golden-yellow. These blooms add a vibrant splash of color to the shade.
- Moisture-Loving: Ligularia prefers consistently moist soil, making it an excellent choice for bog gardens, rain gardens, or areas with naturally damp conditions.
- Attracts Pollinators: The flowers attract butterflies and other beneficial insects.
- Relatively Low-Maintenance: Once established in the right conditions, Ligularia requires minimal care.
- Deer Resistant
- Botanical Name: Ligularia spp. (Common species include L. dentata, L. stenocephala, L. przewalskii)
- Common Names: Leopard Plant, Golden Ray, Ragwort
- Hardiness Zones: Typically, Zones 4-8, depending on the species. Check the specific variety for its hardiness range.
- Light: Part shade to full shade. Ligularia performs best in dappled shade or morning sun with afternoon shade. Avoid hot, direct afternoon sun, which can scorch the leaves.
- Soil: Consistently moist, rich, humusy soil is essential. Ligularia thrives in boggy or wet conditions and can even tolerate some standing water. Amend heavy clay soils with generous amounts of compost and organic matter to improve drainage and moisture retention. A slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0) is preferred.
- Watering: Ligularia needs consistently moist soil and should never be allowed to dry out completely. Water deeply and regularly, especially during hot, dry periods. Mulching helps retain moisture.
- Planting:
- Timing: Plant in spring or early fall.
- Spacing: Space plants 2-3 feet apart, depending on the mature size of the variety.
- Depth: Plant at the same depth as the plant was in its container.
- Fertilizing: Ligularia benefits from regular feeding. Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring, or use a liquid fertilizer diluted to half strength every few weeks during the growing season.
- Pruning: Remove faded flower stalks after blooming to tidy up the appearance. Remove any damaged or yellowing leaves as needed. In late fall or early spring, cut back the foliage to the ground after it has died back.
- Propagation: Ligularia can be propagated by division in spring or early fall. Carefully lift the clump and divide it into sections, ensuring each section has roots and shoots.
- Pests and Diseases: Slugs and snails are the most common pests of Ligularia, especially in damp conditions. Use slug and snail bait, hand-pick them off, or create barriers to protect the plants. Leaf spot and powdery mildew can occasionally occur but are usually not serious if the plant has good air circulation.
- Winter Care: In colder climates (Zones 4-5), a layer of mulch can help protect the crowns during winter.
Special Considerations:
- Consistent Moisture is Crucial: The most important factor for success with Ligularia is consistently moist soil. It will not tolerate drought.
- Site Selection: Choose a location that provides adequate shade and moisture. Avoid hot, dry, sunny spots.
- Slug and Snail Control: Be prepared to manage slugs and snails, which are attracted to Ligularia's lush foliage.
- Size: Some Ligularia varieties can become quite large, so consider the mature size when choosing a planting location.
Ligularia (lig-yew-lay-ree-uh), golden ray, leopard plant; Asteraceae Family. Easily grown, tall perennials from Europe and Asia make fine foliage effects in a border. Although Ligularia are grown primarily for their interesting foliage, they have pretty sprays of small orange and yellow flowers in mid to late summer.
Ligularias are at their best when grown in cool, organically rich, medium to wet soils in part shade to full shade. Plants must have moist soils that never dry out to prevent wilting. Protection from the hot, afternoon sun in the south is essential. They are a natural for the pond side where there is a constant supply of moisture, though they do require good drainage. Ligularia might wilt during hot afternoons, with or without adequate moisture. Temporary wilting should not distress the plant. If plants do not recover by morning, water deeply as plant absorbs moisture primarily from the root tips.
Attributes: Border plants, Container, Cut flower or foliage, Specimen or focal point plant, Attracts butterflies, Deer resistant.
Ligularia, also known as Leopard Plant (though this common name applies specifically to Farfugium japonicum, and it is best to be precise with botanical names), is a genus of bold, architectural perennials prized for their dramatic foliage and vibrant, daisy-like flowers. Native to moist meadows and woodlands of Asia and Europe, these plants bring a lush, tropical feel to shade gardens in the lower 48 states. This comprehensive guide provides everything you need to know to successfully grow and design with Ligularia, transforming shady, damp areas into eye-catching focal points.
- Flowers: The inflorescences (flower clusters) are typically racemes or corymbs (flat-topped or dome-shaped clusters) of daisy-like flower heads. Each flower head consists of ray florets (the "petals") and disc florets (the central "eye"). Flower color is usually yellow to orange, although some species have reddish or brownish disc florets.
- Leaves: Ligularia is primarily grown for its foliage. Leaves are large, often reaching 12 inches or more in width, and are typically basal (growing from the base of the plant). Leaf shape varies by species and cultivar, ranging from rounded or kidney-shaped to deeply toothed or palmate (hand-shaped). Leaf color can be green, dark green, purplish-bronze, or even variegated.
- Stems: Sturdy, upright stems that support the flower clusters.
- Roots: Fibrous root systems, often with thick, fleshy rhizomes.
- Habit (Growth Pattern): Ligularia has a clumping growth habit. It spreads gradually via rhizomes, forming dense, substantial clumps. It is not considered invasive, but some species can spread aggressively in ideal conditions.
- Size: Size varies considerably depending on the species and cultivar. Some are relatively compact (1-2 feet tall), while others can reach impressive heights of 5-6 feet or more.
- Native Range and Habitat: Most Ligularia species are native to damp meadows, stream banks, and woodlands in Asia (particularly China and Japan), with a few species found in Europe. This native habitat dictates their preference for moist, shady conditions.
- Etymology: The name is from the Latin, ligula, meaning strap, referring to the shape of the ray flowers.
- Lifespan: Perennial
Cultivating Ligularia:
- USDA Hardiness Zones: Most Ligularia species are hardy in USDA Zones 4-8. Some cultivars, like 'Britt-Marie Crawford', extend the hardiness to Zone 3.
- Planting:
- Timing: Plant Ligularia in the spring or early fall.
- Location: The key to success with Ligularia is choosing the right location. They thrive in partial to full shade. Morning sun with afternoon shade is ideal, especially in hotter climates. Too much sun will cause the leaves to wilt and scorch.
- Soil: Moist, rich, well-drained soil is essential. Ligularia prefers consistently moist soil that is high in organic matter. Amend heavy clay soils with generous amounts of compost, aged manure, or other organic matter to improve drainage and fertility. A slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (6.0-7.0) is best. They can tolerate boggy conditions better than many other perennials.
- Spacing: Space plants 18-36 inches apart, depending on the mature size of the species or cultivar. Give them plenty of room to spread.
- Planting Depth: Plant at the same depth they were growing in their nursery pots. The crown of the plant (where the stems meet the roots) should be level with the soil surface.
- Watering:
- Consistent moisture is crucial. Ligularia is not drought-tolerant. Water deeply and regularly, especially during dry periods. Keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
- Mulching helps retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
- Even with adequate moisture, some wilting may occur during the hottest part of the day, especially in full sun. This is usually temporary, and the plants will recover in the evening.
- Fertilizing:
- Apply a balanced, slow-release granular fertilizer (e.g., 10-10-10) in early spring, following package instructions. Alternatively, top-dress with a 1-2 inch layer of compost in the spring.
- Avoid over-fertilizing, as this can lead to excessive leaf growth at the expense of flowers.
- Maintenance:
- Carefully dig up the entire clump.
- Use a sharp spade or garden knife to divide the clump into sections, ensuring each section has healthy roots and shoots.
- Replant the divisions immediately at the same depth they were growing, spacing them appropriately.
- Deadheading: Remove spent flower stalks to improve the plant's appearance and encourage further blooming (although the main flush of bloom is typically in mid-summer).
- Cutting Back: After the foliage has died back in the fall, cut the stems back to near ground level.
- Division: Divide clumps every 3-4 years, in early spring or fall, to maintain plant vigor and prevent overcrowding. This is also the primary method of vegetative propagation.
Pest and Disease Management
- Common Pests:
- Slugs and Snails: These are the most significant pests of Ligularia. The large, lush leaves are very attractive to them. Use slug baits (iron phosphate is a safe option), beer traps, diatomaceous earth, or hand-pick them.
- Aphids: Occasionally a problem. Control with insecticidal soap, neem oil, or a strong blast of water.
- Common Diseases:
- Leaf Spots (Various Fungi): Usually minor and cosmetic. Improve air circulation, avoid overhead watering, and remove infected leaves.
- Bacterial Leaf Spot: Remove any infected leaves.
Landscape Design with Ligularia
- Design Principles:
- Foliage Focus: Ligularia is primarily a foliage plant, providing bold texture and form to the garden.
- Shade Gardens: Ideal for woodland gardens, shade borders, and other shady, moist areas.
- Water Gardens: Excellent for planting along streams, ponds, or in boggy areas.
- Mass Planting: Planting Ligularia in groups creates a dramatic visual impact.
- Mixed Borders: Combine it with other shade-loving perennials for a layered effect.
- Companion Plants:
- Hosta: A classic pairing, offering a wide range of foliage colors and textures.
- Astilbe: Feathery plumes of Astilbe flowers complement the bold foliage of Ligularia.
- Ferns: The delicate texture of ferns provides a nice contrast.
- Rodgersia: Another bold-foliaged perennial that thrives in similar conditions.
- Heuchera (Coral Bells): Offers a wide range of foliage colors, providing a beautiful contrast.
- Caladium
- Design Ideas & Techniques
- Woodland Garden: Create a lush, naturalistic planting with Ligularia, ferns, hostas, and other shade-loving plants.
- Bog Garden: Ligularia is a natural choice for a bog garden or along the edge of a pond.
- Container Gardening: Smaller cultivars can be grown in large containers, provided they are kept consistently moist.
Popular Ligularia Species and Cultivars
- Ligularia dentata: Large, rounded, often toothed leaves and orange-yellow flowers. Cultivars include 'Britt-Marie Crawford' (dark purple foliage), 'Desdemona' (bronze-green foliage), and 'Othello' (dark green leaves with purplish undersides).
- Ligularia stenocephala 'The Rocket': Tall spikes of bright yellow flowers and deeply toothed, triangular leaves.
- Ligularia przewalskii: Distinctive, deeply cut, almost palmate leaves and slender, dark flower stems with yellow flowers.
- Ligularia japonica (Japanese Ligularia): Features deeply divided, almost lacy foliage.
- Ligularia 'Little Rocket': A more compact version of 'The Rocket'.
Toxicity
- While generally not considered highly toxic, Ligularia contains pyrrolizidine alkaloids, which can be harmful if ingested in large quantities. It is best to prevent pets and children from consuming the plant. It is not considered a significant toxicity risk in a typical garden setting, but caution is always advised.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
- Q: Why are my Ligularia leaves wilting?
- A: The most common cause is lack of water. Ligularia needs consistently moist soil. Wilting can also be caused by too much sun, especially during hot weather.
- Q: How can I control slugs and snails on my Ligularia?
- A: Use slug baits (iron phosphate is a safe option), beer traps, diatomaceous earth, copper barriers, or hand-pick them.
- Q: Does Ligularia need to be divided?
- A: Yes. Dividing the plant helps with propagation and gives the plant fresh soil.
Conclusion:
Ligularia is a stunning and rewarding perennial for gardeners who can provide the right conditions: shade, consistent moisture, and rich soil. With its bold foliage, vibrant flowers, and architectural presence, Ligularia brings a touch of drama and elegance to any shady garden. By following this guide, you will be well-equipped to enjoy the beauty of this remarkable plant for years to come.
Ligularia is a genus of flowering plants in the sunflower family, known for their bold foliage and daisy-like flowers. Here is a breakdown of their taxonomy:
Kingdom: Plantae (Plants) Clade: Tracheophytes (Vascular plants) Clade: Angiosperms (Flowering plants) Clade: Eudicots (Dicots with tricolpate pollen) Clade: Asterids (A large clade of eudicots) Order: Asterales (The order containing the Asteraceae family) Family: Asteraceae (The sunflower family) Subfamily: Asteroideae (The largest subfamily within Asteraceae) Tribe: Senecioneae (A diverse tribe within Asteroideae) Genus: Ligularia Cass. 1816 (The genus name, conserved, meaning "strap" in Latin, referring to the shape of the ray florets)
Key points:
- Ligularia belongs to the Asteraceae family, which is one of the largest plant families. This family is characterized by its composite flower heads, which consist of many small flowers grouped together.
- The genus Ligularia contains about 120 to 140 species, with over half of them endemic to China.
- Ligularia species are primarily native to damp habitats in central and eastern Asia, with a few species found in Europe.
Example species:
- Ligularia dentata (Summer ragwort or leopard plant)
- Ligularia przewalskii (A tall species with slender, dark flower spikes)
- Ligularia stenocephala ('The Rocket', known for its tall, upright flower spikes)
Ligularia plants are known for their striking foliage and impressive flower displays. Here is a breakdown of their key morphological features:
Leaves:
- Arrangement: Usually basal, meaning they arise from the base of the stem, forming a rosette. Some species also have stem leaves, but these are typically smaller and fewer in number.
- Shape: Highly variable, but often large and dramatic. Common shapes include:
- Cordate (heart-shaped)
- Reniform (kidney-shaped)
- Triangular
- Ovate (egg-shaped)
- Margins: Often toothed or serrated, adding to their visual interest.
- Texture: Typically, leathery, or somewhat thick, and can be smooth or hairy.
- Color: Mostly green, but some cultivars have purple or bronze tones, and variegation is also found in some species.
Flowers:
- Inflorescence: Usually arranged in racemes (elongated clusters with stalked flowers) or panicles (branched clusters). Some species have corymbs (flat-topped clusters).
- Flower heads: Composite flowers, typical of the Asteraceae family, meaning they consist of many small florets grouped together.
- Ray florets: The outer "petals" of the flower head, often yellow to orange.
- Disc florets: The central part of the flower head, usually yellow or brown.
- Flowering season: Typically, summer, with some variation between species.
Stems:
- Height: Varies greatly depending on the species, ranging from compact forms under 1 foot tall to giants reaching over 6 feet.
- Sturdiness: Generally strong and upright, able to support the large leaves and flower heads.
- Color: Often green but can be tinged with purple or red in some species.
Roots:
- Type: Typically, fibrous roots, forming a dense network.
- Rhizomes: Some species spread by rhizomes, which are underground stems that can produce new plants.
Overall growth habit:
- Clump-forming: Most Ligularia species grow in clumps, gradually expanding outwards.
- Architectural: Their bold foliage and tall flower spikes make them strong architectural elements in the garden.
This description provides a general overview of Ligularia morphology. Keep in mind that there can be considerable variation between species and cultivars.
Ligularia, with its dramatic foliage and vibrant flowers, can be a stunning addition to your garden. Here is a guide to cultivating these impressive plants:
1. Choosing the Right Location:
- Light: Ligularia generally prefers partial shade, especially in regions with hot summers. Morning sun and afternoon shade are ideal. Some varieties can tolerate full sun in cooler climates, but they will need consistent moisture.
- Moisture: Consistent moisture is crucial. Ligularia thrives in damp soil and is a good choice for areas that tend to stay moist, such as near ponds or water features.
- Soil: Fertile, humus-rich soil is best. Amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and moisture retention.
2. Planting Ligularia:
- Timing: Spring or early fall is the best time to plant.
- Spacing: Space plants according to their mature size, usually 2-4 feet apart.
- Depth: Plant the crown (where the stems meet the roots) at the same level as it was in the pot.
3. Watering:
- Frequency: Water regularly, especially during dry spells, to keep the soil consistently moist.
- Method: Water deeply to encourage deep root growth.
4. Fertilizing:
- Type: Use a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring.
- Frequency: Avoid over-fertilizing, as it can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
5. Maintenance:
- Deadheading: Remove spent flower spikes to encourage more blooms and maintain a tidy appearance.
- Pruning: Cut back foliage to the ground in late fall after it dies back.
- Dividing: Divide clumps every 3-4 years in spring to maintain plant vigor and prevent overcrowding.
6. Pest and Disease Control:
- Slugs and snails: These are common pests that can damage Ligularia leaves. Use slug control methods like beer traps or copper tape to protect your plants.
- Powdery mildew: This fungal disease can occur in humid conditions. Ensure good air circulation and avoid overhead watering to prevent it.
7. Winter Care:
- Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch in fall to protect the roots from freezing temperatures.
- Protection: In colder climates, consider providing additional winter protection with a layer of leaves or evergreen boughs.
Extra Tips:
- Ligularia can be grown in containers but choose a large pot and ensure consistent watering.
- Some varieties are more tolerant of sun and dry conditions than others. Research the specific needs of the Ligularia you choose.
- Consider companion plants that thrive in similar conditions, such as ferns, hostas, and astilbes.
By following these guidelines, you can successfully cultivate Ligularia and enjoy its bold beauty in your garden.
Spring:
- March - April:
- Clean up: Remove any winter mulch and dead leaves.
- Divide: If necessary, divide overcrowded clumps every 3-4 years.
- Fertilize: Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer.
- Plant: A good time to plant new Ligularia.
- May - June:
- Water: Begin regular watering, especially if rainfall is scarce.
- Monitor: Watch for slugs and snails and take preventative measures.
Summer:
- July - August:
- Water: Maintain consistent moisture, especially during hot, dry periods.
- Deadhead: Remove spent flower spikes to encourage more blooms.
- Stake: Tall varieties may need staking to prevent flopping.
Fall:
- September - October:
- Reduce watering: Gradually reduce watering as temperatures cool.
- Cut back: After the first frost, cut back foliage to the ground.
- Mulch: Apply a layer of mulch to protect the roots over winter.
Winter:
- November - February:
- Protect: In colder climates, provide additional winter protection with leaves or evergreen boughs.
- Avoid overwatering: Ensure the soil does not become waterlogged during winter.
Ongoing Care:
- Monitor for pests and diseases: Check regularly for signs of pests or diseases and take action if necessary.
- Maintain good air circulation: This helps prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew.
- Observe your plants: Pay attention to how your Ligularia is growing and adjust your care as needed based on its specific needs and your local climate.
Important Note: This calendar provides a general guideline. The specific timing of tasks may vary depending on your location and the specific needs of your Ligularia plants. Always consider your local climate and the individual requirements of your plants when planning your garden care.
The genus Ligularia boasts a diverse array of species and cultivars, each with its own unique characteristics. Here is a glimpse into some of the most popular and noteworthy ones:
Species:
- Ligularia dentata (Summer Ragwort): This is one of the most commonly cultivated species, known for its large, rounded leaves and daisy-like orange flowers.
- It thrives in moist soil and partial shade.
- Ligularia przewalskii (Przewalski's Ligularia): This species stands out with its tall, slender black stems and deeply divided leaves.
- It produces spires of yellow flowers and prefers moist, shady conditions.
- Ligularia stenocephala: Similar to L. przewalskii, but with broader leaves and more densely packed flower spikes.
- Often referred to as "The Rocket" due to its upright flower spikes.
- Ligularia wilsoniana: This species features large, heart-shaped leaves and tall, branching flower heads with yellow florets.
- It prefers moist soil and partial shade.
- Ligularia sibirica: A more compact species with heart-shaped leaves and yellow flowers.
- It is a good choice for smaller gardens or containers.
Groups:
While there are not formally defined groups within the genus Ligularia, they can be broadly categorized based on their key features:
- Large-leaved Ligularias: These are prized for their dramatic foliage, often with large, rounded or heart-shaped leaves. Examples include L. dentata cultivars.
- Tall Ligularias: These species are known for their impressive height and upright flower spikes. L. przewalskii and L. stenocephala are prime examples.
- Compact Ligularias: These are suitable for smaller spaces and offer a more restrained growth habit. L. sibirica falls into this category.
Varieties and Cultivars:
Many exciting varieties and cultivars have been developed within the Ligularia species, offering a wide range of foliage colors, flower forms, and sizes. Here are a few popular ones:
- Ligularia dentata 'Britt-Marie Crawford': This cultivar boasts dark purple-bronze foliage and bright orange flowers.
- Ligularia dentata 'Desdemona': Features large, rounded leaves that emerge reddish-purple and mature to deep green, with orange flowers.
- Ligularia stenocephala 'The Rocket': A popular cultivar with tall, black stems and densely packed spires of yellow flowers.
- Ligularia przewalskii 'Light Fingered': This cultivar has deeply dissected leaves with narrow lobes, giving it a delicate appearance.
- Ligularia 'Osiris Fantaisie': A compact cultivar with dark purple foliage and bright yellow flowers.
This is just a small selection of the many beautiful Ligularia species, varieties, and cultivars available. When choosing a Ligularia for your garden, consider its size, foliage color, flower type, and your specific growing conditions to find the perfect fit.
Ligularia's bold foliage and striking flower spikes make it a fantastic choice for mass plantings, creating a dramatic and impactful display in your garden. Here is how to use Ligularia effectively in mass plantings:
Choosing the right Ligularia:
- Consider the size: For mass plantings, it is often best to choose varieties that have a consistent size and growth habit. This will create a more uniform and cohesive look.
- Foliage color: Select Ligularias with foliage colors that complement each other or create a desired contrast. For example, you could combine varieties with dark purple leaves, such as 'Britt-Marie Crawford', with those that have green or chartreuse foliage.
- Flowering time and color: Choose varieties that bloom around the same time for a simultaneous burst of color. You can also select cultivars with different flower colors to add variety to the planting.
Design and Spacing:
- Spacing: Space the plants according to their mature size, typically 2-4 feet apart. This allows for adequate air circulation and prevents overcrowding.
- Odd numbers: Plant in groups of odd numbers (e.g., 3, 5, 7) to create a more natural and visually appealing arrangement.
- Repetition: Repeat the mass planting in different areas of the garden to create a sense of rhythm and continuity.
Combining with other plants:
- Complementary textures: Pair Ligularia with plants that have contrasting textures, such as ferns, hostas, or grasses. This will add visual interest and depth to the planting.
- Color echoes: Repeat the colors of the Ligularia flowers or foliage in other plants within the mass planting or surrounding area.
- Vertical interest: Combine Ligularia with plants that have different heights to create a layered effect.
Ideal locations for mass plantings:
- Shady borders: Ligularia thrives in partial shade, making it ideal for mass planting along shady borders or woodland edges.
- Wet areas: Its moisture-loving nature makes it well-suited for mass planting in bog gardens or near water features.
- Island beds: Create a dramatic focal point by mass planting Ligularia in an island bed in a lawn or open area.
Examples of effective mass plantings:
- Dramatic contrast: Combine the dark foliage of 'Britt-Marie Crawford' with the chartreuse leaves of 'Aureo-maculata' for a striking contrast.
- Textural tapestry: Plant Ligularia alongside ferns, hostas, and astilbes to create a lush, textural tapestry.
- Monochromatic scheme: Use different varieties of Ligularia with yellow flowers, such as 'The Rocket' and 'Little Rocket', for a bold monochromatic display.
By carefully considering the factors above and experimenting with different combinations, you can create stunning mass plantings with Ligularia that will add a touch of drama and sophistication to your garden.
Ligularia FAQ
Ligularia 'Big Green Tractor' is a bold and beautiful perennial known for its massive leaves and bright yellow flowers. It is a fantastic choice for adding a dramatic touch to shady gardens.
Here is a breakdown of its key features:
- Giant Foliage: The most striking feature of 'Big Green Tractor' is its enormous, rounded leaves. These can grow up to 16 inches across, creating a lush, tropical feel. The leaves are deeply lobed with serrated edges, adding to their textural interest.
- Sunny Flowers: In mid-summer, tall flower stalks emerge, bearing clusters of daisy-like, golden-yellow flowers. These bright blooms provide a lovely contrast to the deep green foliage.
- Shade Lover: 'Big Green Tractor' thrives in partial to full shade. It is an excellent choice for those shady spots in the garden where other plants struggle.
- Moisture Needs: This plant prefers consistently moist soil. It is important to keep it well-watered, especially during hot, dry periods.
- Imposing Size: 'Big Green Tractor' can reach a mature size of 3 to 5 feet tall and 4 to 5 feet wide. Make sure you give it plenty of space to grow!
Why You Might Love It:
- Dramatic Effect: Its large leaves and bright flowers create a dramatic focal point in the shade garden.
- Easy Care: Once established, 'Big Green Tractor' is relatively low-maintenance.
- Attracts Pollinators: The flowers attract bees and butterflies to your garden.
- Long-Lasting Interest: The bold foliage provides interest throughout the growing season, even when not in bloom.
Where to Plant It:
- Shady Borders: Plant it towards the back of a border to create a lush backdrop.
- Woodland Gardens: It thrives in the dappled shade of woodland settings.
- Near Water Features: Its moisture needs make it a good choice for planting near ponds or streams.
- Containers: You can even grow it in a large container on a shady patio.
If you are looking for a statement plant to brighten up a shady corner of your garden, Ligularia 'Big Green Tractor' is a fantastic option!
Common Name: Leopard Plant
Ligularia 'Britt-Marie Crawford' is a stunning herbaceous perennial renowned for its bold, glossy, purple-black leaves and vibrant orange-yellow daisy-like flowers. Thriving in moist to wet, partially shaded locations, this clump-forming plant creates a dramatic focal point in woodland gardens, along streams, or near ponds.
- Showy Foliage: Large, rounded, purple-black leaves with wavy edges create a striking visual impact throughout the growing season.
- Vibrant Blooms: Daisy-like, bright orange-yellow flowers rise above the foliage in mid to late summer, adding a burst of color to shady areas.
- Shade-Loving: Thrives in part shade to full shade, making it an ideal choice for challenging low-light areas.
- Moisture-Loving: Requires consistently moist to wet soil and benefits from regular deep watering during hot summers.
- Genus: Ligularia
- Family: Asteraceae
- Origin: Discovered in Scotland
- Named After: Britt-Marie Crawford
- Zones: 4 to 8
- Height: 2 to 3 feet
- Spread: 1.5 to 2 feet
- Bloom Time: June to July
- Bloom Color: Orange-yellow
- Sun: Part shade to full shade
- Water: Medium to wet
- Maintenance: Medium
- Soil: Rich, humusy, medium to wet
- Tolerates: Heavy shade, moist to wet soil
- Pest Susceptibility: Slugs and snails
- Plant in a consistently moist to wet location with partial to full shade.
- Provide shelter from strong winds.
- Water deeply and regularly, especially during hot weather.
- Protect from slugs and snails.
Landscape Use:
- Ideal for shade or woodland gardens, especially in moist or wet areas.
- Excellent along streams, ponds, or bog gardens.
- Adds a dramatic touch to shaded borders.
- Can be grouped or massed for greater impact.
Note: In hot summer climates, leaves may wilt even with adequate moisture, especially if exposed to too much sun. Choose a location with afternoon shade or dappled shade for optimal performance.
With its unique foliage and vibrant blooms, Ligularia 'Britt-Marie Crawford' brings a touch of drama and elegance to any shade garden!
Common Name: Leopard Plant
Ligularia stenocephala 'The Rocket' is a captivating perennial prized for its striking spires of bright yellow, daisy-like flowers that bloom in summer. This cultivar is known for its compact size, reaching a height of 18-24 inches, making it suitable for smaller gardens or containers. The large, deeply-lobed leaves add a lush, tropical feel to shady areas.
This plant thrives in partial shade with moist, rich soil. Avoid hot midday sun, which can cause the leaves to wilt. It is perfect for adding a vibrant touch to woodland gardens, shady borders, or even near water features.
- Genus: Ligularia
- Species: stenocephala
- Family: Asteraceae
- Type: Perennial
- Propagation: Division
- Light: Partial Shade
- Soil: High Organic Matter, Good Drainage, Occasionally Wet
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zones: 5a - 7b
- Flower Color: Gold/Yellow
- Flower Bloom Time: Summer
- Showy yellow flower spires
- Compact size
- Lush foliage
- Thrives in partial shade and moist soil
- Provide consistently moist soil.
- Protect from hot afternoon sun.
- Divide clumps every few years to maintain vigor.
Remember: With its vibrant flowers and bold foliage, Ligularia stenocephala 'The Rocket' is sure to add a touch of drama and elegance to any shady garden!
Common Name: Leopard Plant
Farfugium japonicum, commonly known as the Leopard Plant, is a captivating clump-forming perennial celebrated for its large, glossy, kidney-shaped leaves adorned with striking golden spots. Native to the streambanks and moist meadows of Japan and eastern Asia, this member of the Asteraceae (daisy) family brings a touch of exotic elegance to shade gardens.
Leopard Plants flourish in dappled sunlight to deep shade, with their leaves prone to burning in direct sun. Ideally, provide rich, moist soil, though they tolerate drier conditions than other Ligularia species. During hot summers, ensure deep, regular watering.
In late summer to fall, loose clusters of cheerful yellow, daisy-like flowers emerge, adding a touch of sunshine to shady spots. However, it is the bold, spotted foliage that truly steals the show, often leading gardeners to remove the flowers to emphasize the leaves' unique beauty.
This Ligularia species thrives in the warm Piedmont and Coastal Plain regions. Utilize its lush foliage in small groups, mass plantings along woodland borders, or as a striking accent near water features like ponds, pools, or bog gardens.
- Genus: Farfugium
- Species: japonicum
- Family: Asteraceae
- Type: Herbaceous Perennial, Deciduous
- USDA Plant Hardiness Zones: 7a - 9b
- Height: 1 - 3 feet
- Width: 1 - 2 feet
- Light: Dappled Sunlight, Deep Shade, Partial Shade
- Soil: High Organic Matter, Good Drainage, Moist, Occasionally Wet
- Flower Color: Yellow
- Flower Bloom Time: Late Summer to Fall
- Habit/Form: Clumping
- Maintenance: Medium
- Landscape Use: Meadow, Pond, Pool/Hardscape, Riparian, Woodland, Shade Garden
- Design Feature: Border, Mass Planting, Small groups
- Resistance to Challenges: Deer, Heavy Shade, Wet Soil
- Pest Susceptibility: Occasional slugs and snails
Care Tips:
- Plant in shade with consistently moist soil.
- Water deeply during dry periods.
- Divide clumps every few years to maintain vigor.
- Monitor for slugs and snails.
- Embrace the Beauty:
With its dramatic foliage and adaptability to shade, Farfugium japonicum adds an irresistible touch of the exotic to any garden. Its bold leaves create a stunning tapestry of textures and colors, making it a true standout in the landscape.
Ligularia is a perennial plant known for its bold foliage and tall flower spikes. Here are its characteristics:
- Foliage: Ligularia has large, showy leaves that can be heart-shaped, kidney-shaped, or triangular. The leaves are often toothed or serrated and can have a glossy appearance. Some varieties even have leaves with different colors or patterns.
- Flowers: The flowers of Ligularia are daisy-like and come in shades of yellow, orange, or red. They bloom in mid to late summer on tall spikes that can reach up to 6 feet tall.
- Size: Ligularia plants can vary in size, but they typically grow to be 3-6 feet tall and wide. Some varieties can even grow up to 8 feet tall.
- Hardiness: Ligularia is a hardy plant that is suitable for growing in USDA zones 3-9. This means that it can withstand cold temperatures down to -40 degrees Fahrenheit.
- Light: Ligularia prefers to grow in partial shade or shade. In very hot climates, they may need protection from the afternoon sun.
- Soil: Ligularia prefers to grow in moist, well-drained soil. They benefit from being mulched in the spring to help retain moisture.
Ligularia is a versatile plant that can be used in a variety of garden settings. They can be planted as a specimen plant, in a border, or even in a container. Because they prefer shade, they are a great choice for filling in empty spaces in shady areas of the garden.
Planting time: The best time to plant Ligularia is either in early spring or early fall. Spring planting allows the new plant to establish itself before the hot summer months, while fall planting gives it time to develop roots before winter.
Location: Choose a spot in your garden that receives partial shade or shade. In very hot climates, afternoon shade is important. Ligularia prefers moist, well-drained soil. If your soil is heavy clay or sandy, amend it with compost to improve drainage and add organic matter.
Planting steps:
- Dig a hole that is about twice the width and depth of the root ball of your Ligularia plant.
- If amending your soil, mix compost into the dug-out soil.
- Remove the Ligularia plant from its container and gently loosen the roots with your fingers.
- Place the plant in the hole, making sure the crown (the point where the roots and stems meet) is level with the soil surface.
- Backfill the hole with soil and tamp it down gently.
- Water the plant thoroughly to settle the soil around the roots.
Container planting:
Ligularia can also be grown in containers. Choose a pot that is at least 12 inches in diameter and has drainage holes. Use a good quality potting mix that is well-draining. Water the plant regularly, especially during hot weather. You may also need to fertilize monthly during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer.
Aftercare:
Water your Ligularia regularly, especially during the first year after planting and during hot weather. They do not tolerate dry soil well. Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant in the spring to help retain moisture and suppress weeds. Deadhead spent flowers to encourage additional blooms. In the fall, you can cut back the foliage after it dies down.
There are over 150 species of Ligularia, but some of the most popular varieties include:
- Ligularia dentata 'Britt-Marie Crawford': This variety has stunning, broad, glossy, dark chocolate leaves with dark purple undersides. It produces bright yellow, daisy-like flowers in mid to late summer. It grows to be 3-4 feet tall and 3-5 feet wide.
- Ligularia stenocephala 'The Rocket': This is one of the most well-known varieties of Ligularia. It has stunning black-stemmed spikes of yellow flowers that rise out of mounded deep green, tooth-edged foliage. It can grow up to 5-6 feet tall and 3-4 feet wide.
- Ligularia przewalskii 'The Deborah': This variety has large, rounded, dark green leaves with prominent veins. It produces bright yellow, daisy-like flowers in mid to late summer on tall, reddish-brown stems. It can grow up to 5-6 feet tall and 3-4 feet wide.
- Ligularia dentata 'Desdemona': This variety has deep green, heart-shaped leaves with toothed edges. It produces deep yellow, daisy-like flowers (2"-4" across) in summer, rising above the leaves on thick stems. It can grow up to 3-4 feet tall and 2-3 feet wide.
- Ligularia heucherifolia 'Her Majesty': This variety has large, rounded, golden-yellow leaves with scalloped edges. It produces bright yellow, daisy-like flowers in mid to late summer on tall, reddish-brown stems. It can grow up to 4-5 feet tall and 3-4 feet wide.
These are just a few of the many varieties of Ligularia available. With so many different varieties to choose from, you are sure to find one that is perfect for your garden.
Here is how to care for your Ligularia:
- Watering: Ligularia thrives in moist soil and dislikes drying out. Water your plant regularly, especially during the first year after planting and during hot weather. A deep soak once or twice a week is usually sufficient, but you may need to adjust this depending on your climate and soil conditions. The leaves will wilt if the plant gets too dry, so this can be a good indicator for watering needs.
- Light: Ligularia prefers partial shade or shade. In very hot climates, afternoon shade is important. While they can tolerate some full sun, especially in cooler climates, the leaves may scorch and the flowers may be less prolific.
- Soil: Ligularia prefers moist, well-draining soil. If your soil is heavy clay or sandy, amend it with compost to improve drainage and add organic matter. A layer of mulch around the base of the plant in the spring will help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
- Fertilizing: You can fertilize your Ligularia once a month during the growing season with a balanced fertilizer. However, they are not heavy feeders and do not require a lot of fertilizer to thrive.
- Deadheading: Deadheading spent flowers will encourage additional blooms throughout the season. Simply cut off the flower heads just below the wilted blooms.
- Pruning: In the fall, after the foliage dies down, you can cut back the stems to a few inches above the ground. Alternatively, you can wait to cut back the stems until early spring.
- Dividing: Ligularia can be divided every 3-4 years to propagate new plants and rejuvenate existing ones. The best time to divide Ligularia is in early spring or fall.
- Pests and Diseases: Ligularia is generally resistant to pests and diseases. However, they can be susceptible to slugs and snails, which can damage the leaves. You can use a variety of methods to control slugs and snails, such as handpicking them off the plants, using traps, or applying a commercial slug and snail bait.
By following these simple care tips, you can enjoy your Ligularia for many years to come.
Yes, Ligularia does attract pollinators like bees, butterflies, and even some hummingbirds! Here is why:
- Bright Flowers: Ligularia boasts daisy-like flowers in shades of yellow, orange, or red. These cheerful colors are known to attract pollinators who are drawn to bright colors as they signal the presence of nectar.
- Pollen Source: The flowers of Ligularia produce pollen, a valuable food source for bees and other pollinating insects.
While Ligularia flowers may not be highly fragrant, the combination of bright colors and pollen effectively beckons pollinators to visit the plant.
Ligularia is generally considered a low-maintenance plant with good resistance to pests and diseases. However, there are a couple of common annoyances to watch out for:
Slugs and Snails: These slimy creatures love to munch on the lush foliage of Ligularia, especially young shoots in spring. They tend to come out at night so you might not readily see them. Signs of slug and snail damage include ragged holes or chewed edges on the leaves.
- Control Methods: There are several ways to deal with slugs and snails:
- Handpicking: Check for them at night with a flashlight and handpick them off the plants.
- Traps: Set up beer traps or commercial slug traps around your Ligularia.
- Diatomaceous Earth: Sprinkle diatomaceous earth (DE) around the base of your plant to create a barrier that dehydrates slugs and snails.
- Baits: Use commercial slug and snail baits specifically designed for gardens. Be aware that these can be harmful to pets and wildlife, so use them with caution.
Japanese Beetles (less common): In some areas, Japanese beetles can be a problem for Ligularia, particularly the non-Japanese varieties. These metallic green beetles with coppery wing covers feed on the leaves.
- Control Methods: Here are some ways to manage Japanese beetles:
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- Handpicking: Handpick and dispose of the beetles if the infestation is small.
- Row Covers: Use row covers to physically protect your Ligularia from the beetles.
- Insecticidal Soap: Apply insecticidal soap sprays directly to the beetles.
While Ligularia is not typically used as a cut flower, there are some possibilities! Here is a breakdown:
- Flowers: The daisy-like flowers of Ligularia might not be the most ideal for floral arrangements. They tend to have a shorter vase life compared to traditional cut flowers and may not hold up well after being cut.
- Foliage: Ligularia's strong suit for floral arrangements lies in its stunning foliage. The bold, dark green or bronze leaves with interesting textures and shapes can add drama and a unique touch to arrangements. Varieties like 'Britt-Marie Crawford' with dark chocolate leaves or 'Her Majesty' with golden yellow leaves are particularly striking.
Here are some things to consider if you want to use Ligularia foliage in arrangements:
- Freshness: Cut the foliage when it is fresh and healthy, ideally in the early morning.
- Conditioning: Give the foliage a fresh cut at the stem base and place it in a deep vase filled with cool water for several hours before using it in your arrangement.
- Longevity: The foliage likely will not last as long as some other greenery options. Consider it an accent piece and enjoy the arrangement for a shorter period.
Overall, while Ligularia is not a mainstream choice for floral arrangements, its bold foliage can add a creative touch if you are looking for something unique and you understand it might not have a long vase life.
Ligularia is not typically considered invasive in most gardening situations. However, there are a few things to keep in mind:
- Spreading: While not aggressively spreading, Ligularia can spread slowly through underground rhizomes. This might not be a problem in a well-maintained garden bed but could be an issue if planted near natural areas or in borders where you do not want it to encroach on other plants.
- Misidentification: There is a chance you might have a different plant that looks similar to Ligularia but exhibits more aggressive spreading tendencies. For example, some plants like Yellow Archangel (Lysimachia punctata) or Butterbur (Petasites hybridus) can be mistaken for Ligularia but are known to be invasive.
Here is what you can do to ensure Ligularia does not become a problem in your garden:
- Choose the right location: Plant Ligularia in a contained bed where you can monitor its growth. Avoid planting it near borders or natural areas where it might spread unwanted.
- Deadheading: Regularly deadheading the flowers will prevent seed production and minimize the chance of unwanted seedlings popping up in other areas of your garden.
- Monitor and Divide: Keep an eye on your Ligularia's growth habit. If you notice it spreading more than desired, you can divide the plant every 3-4 years. This will not only control its spread but also rejuvenate the plant.
- Consider alternative plants: If you are concerned about Ligularia's spreading potential, there are other shade-loving plants with bold foliage that might be better suited for your garden. Some options include Rodgersia, Hosta, or Heuchera.
If you are unsure about the exact species of Ligularia you have or have concerns about its invasiveness in your specific region, it is always a good idea to consult your local cooperative extension office. They can help you identify your plant and offer advice on best practices for growing it in your area.
The best time to propagate Ligularia by division is in either early spring or early fall.
Here is a breakdown of the pros and cons of each time:
Early Spring:
- Pros: New divisions have a cool growing season to establish themselves before the hot summer arrives.
- Cons: The plant may not flower as much in the current season since it is focusing its energy on root development.
Early Fall:
- Pros: Established divisions have a long dormancy period during winter to develop strong roots before putting on new growth in spring.
- Cons: The foliage may not look its best after dividing in fall, but it will recover in spring.
Ultimately, the best time for you depends on your priorities and climate. If you are in a cooler climate with a long growing season, either spring or fall might work well. If you are in a hotter climate, early spring might be preferable to give the new plant time to establish before the heat arrives.
Here are the benefits of planting Ligularia in your garden:
- Beautiful foliage and flowers: Ligularia boasts stunning bold foliage in various shapes and sizes, with some varieties even having interesting colors or patterns. The tall spikes of daisy-like flowers in shades of yellow, orange, or red add another layer of beauty to the garden in mid to late summer.
- Shade tolerance:Ligularia thrives in partial shade or shade, making it a perfect choice for brightening up those often-difficult shady areas of your garden. They can add color and interest where other shade-loving plants might fall short.
- Attracts pollinators: The bright flowers and pollen production of Ligularia attract bees, butterflies, and even hummingbirds, contributing to a healthy and vibrant garden ecosystem.
- Low maintenance: Ligularia is generally a low-maintenance plant that is resistant to most pests and diseases. They do not require a lot of fertilizer and are relatively easy to care for.
- Moist soil tolerance: If you have a damp area in your garden that is difficult to utilize, Ligularia can thrive in those conditions where other plants might struggle.
- Architectural interest: The bold foliage and tall flower spikes of Ligularia add architectural interest and texture to your garden design. They can be used as specimen plants, in borders, or even containers.
Overall, Ligularia is a versatile and rewarding plant that offers a combination of beautiful foliage and flowers, shade tolerance, and ease of care. It can be a valuable addition to many garden styles and can help create a more visually interesting and ecologically beneficial landscape.