Toggle menu
info@bloomindesigns.com

Imagine More Perennials Than You Can Imagine, Delivered To You - Free

Shop by Category

  • Shop Plants A to Z
  • Ornamental Grass
  • Location Solution Plants
  • Perennial Gardens
  • Current Specials & New Plants

    • Shop by Brand

  • Hosta
  • Hemerocallis
  • Sedum
  • Heuchera
  • Phlox
  • Echinacea
  • Whitehall
  • Iris
  • Helleborus
  • Coreopsis
  • View all Brands
  • Shop Plants A to Z
  • Ornamental Grass
  • Location Solution Plants
  • Perennial Gardens
  • Current Specials & New Plants

    • Shop by Brand

  • Hosta
  • Hemerocallis
  • Sedum
  • Heuchera
  • Phlox
  • Echinacea
  • Whitehall
  • Iris
  • Helleborus
  • Coreopsis
  • Dianthus
  • Hibiscus
  • Astilbe
  • Salvia
  • Liriope
  • Monarda
  • Baptisia
  • Veronica
  • Clematis
  • Lavandula
  • Achillea
  • Aquilegia
  • Buddleia
  • Leucanthemum
  • Ajuga
  • Carex
  • Delosperma
  • Delphinium
  • Hedera
  • Paeonia
  • Gaillardia
  • Lantana
  • Papaver
  • Sempervivum
  • Campanula
  • Heucherella
  • Digitalis
  • Geranium
  • Kniphofia
  • Mangave
  • Nepeta
  • Agastache
  • Miscanthus
  • Panicum
  • Vinca
  • Alcea
  • Athyrium
  • Perovskia
  • Aster
  • Dicentra
  • Lupinus
  • Penstemon
  • Ophiopogon
  • Primula
  • Anemone
  • LAGERSTROEMIA
  • Thymus
  • Epimedium
  • Euphorbia
  • Heliopsis
  • Iberis
  • Pennisetum
  • Stokesia
  • Tradescantia
  • Brunnera
  • Platycodon
  • Verbena
  • Agave
  • Allium
  • Rudbeckia
  • Bergenia
  • Gaura
  • Lamium
  • Pulmonaria
  • Acorus
  • Calamagrostis
  • Euonymus
  • Lobelia
  • Pachysandra
  • Polemonium
  • Amsonia
  • Armeria
  • Asclepias
  • Gypsophila
  • Ligularia
  • Scabiosa
  • Stachys
  • Tiarella
  • Viola
  • Alstroemeria
  • Artemisia
  • Aruncus
  • Dryopteris
  • Colocasia
  • Crocosmia
  • Hakonechloa
  • Liatris
  • Lysimachia
  • Mazus
  • Schizachyrium
  • View all Brands

    • Isotoma

    Blue Star Creeper

    • Charming Groundcover: Blue Star Creeper, scientifically known as Lobelia fluviatilis (and previously as Isotoma fluviatilis and Laurentia fluviatilis), is a delightful, low-growing perennial that forms a dense mat of tiny, vibrant green leaves.
    • Abundant Blue Flowers: From late spring to early summer, it is covered in a profusion of delicate, star-shaped, light blue flowers, creating a captivating "sea of blue" effect.
    • Versatile Use: Perfect for a variety of landscape applications:
      • Between Stepping Stones: Softens hard edges and adds a touch of color to pathways.
      • Rock Gardens: Thrives in the well-drained crevices of rock gardens.
      • Groundcover: Excellent for filling in gaps, suppressing weeds, and controlling erosion.
      • Container Spiller: Creates a beautiful cascading effect in containers and hanging baskets.
      • Border Edging: Defines garden beds with a soft, flowering edge.
    • Low Maintenance: Once established, Blue Star Creeper is relatively low-maintenance, requiring minimal care.
    • Deer and Rabbit Resistant: Generally unbothered by deer and rabbits, making it a worry-free choice for many gardens.
    • Fast Growing: Quickly establishes and spreads to create a lush carpet.
    • Tolerates Foot Traffic: Can withstand light foot traffic.

    Hardiness: USDA Zones: 6-9 (some sources indicate it can be grown down to Zone 5 with protection).

    Sunlight: Full Sun to Partial Shade: Prefers at least 4-6 hours of direct sunlight per day. In hotter climates (Zones 8-9), afternoon shade is beneficial to prevent scorching. In cooler climates, it can tolerate more sun.

    Soil:

    • Well-Drained, Moist Soil: This is crucial. Blue Star Creeper prefers consistently moist soil but cannot tolerate soggy conditions, which can lead to root rot.
    • Soil Type: Adaptable to a range of soil types, from sandy to loamy.
    • pH: Prefers a slightly acidic to neutral soil pH (6.0-7.0). Amend heavy clay soils with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.

    Planting:

    • Timing: Spring or early fall is the best time to plant.
    • Spacing: Space plants 4-8 inches apart, depending on how quickly you want them to fill in. Closer spacing will result in a faster groundcover effect.
    • Depth: Plant at the same depth the plant was growing in its container.
    • Procedure:
      1. Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball.
      2. Gently loosen the roots if they are pot-bound.
      3. Place the plant in the hole.
      4. Backfill with soil, firming gently around the roots.
      5. Water thoroughly.

    Watering:

    • Establishment: Water regularly during the first few weeks after planting to keep the soil consistently moist.
    • Ongoing: Once established, Blue Star Creeper is moderately drought-tolerant but performs best with consistent moisture, especially during hot, dry periods. Water deeply when the top inch of soil feels dry. Avoid overwatering.

    Fertilizing:

    • Light Feeder: Blue Star Creeper generally does not require heavy fertilization.
    • Spring Application: A single application of a balanced, slow-release fertilizer in spring is usually sufficient.
    • Avoid Over-Fertilizing: Too much fertilizer can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.

    Pruning:

    • Minimal Pruning: Generally, no pruning is required.
    • Optional Trimming: If desired, you can lightly trim the edges to maintain shape or control spread. This can be done after flowering.
    • Rejuvenation: If the plant becomes sparse or overgrown, you can shear it back by about one-third to encourage fresh, dense growth.

    Propagation:

    • Division: The easiest and most common method. Divide established clumps in spring or fall. Carefully separate the root mass into smaller sections, ensuring each section has roots and shoots. Replant immediately.
    • Stem Cuttings: Take stem cuttings in spring or summer. Use rooting hormone for better success.
    • Seeds: Can be grown from seed, but division is generally faster and easier.

    Pests and Diseases:

    • Generally Trouble-Free: Blue Star Creeper is relatively pest and disease resistant.
    • Slugs and Snails: May occasionally be a problem, especially in moist conditions. Use organic slug and snail control methods if necessary.
    • Root Rot: Can occur in poorly drained soil. Ensure good drainage to prevent this.

    Winter Care (Colder Zones):

    • In Zones 5 and at the colder end of Zone 6, a layer of mulch in late fall can help protect the roots from freezing temperatures.

    By following these planting and growing tips, you can enjoy the beauty and versatility of Blue Star Creeper (Lobelia fluviatilis) in your garden for years to come!

    "Laurentia fluviatilis" and "Isotoma fluviatilis" refer to the same plant, commonly known as Blue Star Creeper. It was previously classified as Laurentia but is now correctly classified as Isotoma. "Lobelia fluviatilis" is another synonym, though less commonly used. So, while you might see all three names, they all refer to the same charming groundcover with delicate blue flowers.

    Blue star creeper grows well in sun, part sun, or part shade, depending on the region. A low-maintenance, spreading, evergreen groundcover forms a flat carpet of tiny green leaves covered with small, long-blooming, light blue flowers. Planting between paving stones, in the rock garden or use as a lawn substitute. Spreads by runners but can be contained with deep landscaping edging material.

    Compare Selected

    Lobelia, formerly also known under the genus names Isotoma and Laurentia, is a diverse group of flowering plants prized for their vibrant blooms and versatility in the garden. They range from low-growing, mat-forming groundcovers to upright, stately perennials. Known for their often intense blue, purple, red, or white flowers, Lobelias add a splash of color to borders, containers, hanging baskets, and rock gardens. The genus is incredibly broad, encompassing annuals, perennials, and even some shrub-like species. The common name "Blue Star Creeper" often refers to the groundcover varieties, particularly Lobelia fluviatilis (formerly Isotoma fluviatilis and Laurentia fluviatilis).

    Morphology

    • Growth Habit: Varies widely by species. Includes low-growing, spreading groundcovers (e.g., L. fluviatilis), upright clump-forming perennials (e.g., L. cardinalis, L. siphilitica), and even some larger, shrubby forms.
    • Leaves: Leaf shape and size vary considerably. They can be lanceolate (lance-shaped), ovate (oval), or linear (narrow). Leaf margins may be entire (smooth), serrated (toothed), or lobed. Foliage color ranges from light green to dark green, and some cultivars have bronze or purplish foliage.
    • Flowers: The flowers are typically two-lipped, with a larger, three-lobed lower lip and a smaller, two-lobed upper lip. This structure is often described as tubular or bell-shaped. The flowers are borne on racemes (elongated clusters), spikes, or sometimes singly. A wide range of colors exists, including:
      • Blue: From pale sky blue to deep, intense blues (very common).
      • Purple: Various shades of violet and purple.
      • Red: Brilliant scarlet to deep crimson (e.g., L. cardinalis).
      • Pink: From pale pink to vibrant magenta.
      • White: Pure white to creamy white.
      • Bicolors: Some cultivars exhibit two-toned flowers.
    • Fruit: a capsule.

    Characteristics

    • Blooming Period: Varies by species and climate, but generally from spring to fall, with peak bloom often occurring in cooler months. Some varieties, like the Proven Winners® Laguna® series, are bred for extended summer bloom.
    • Pollination: Lobelias are primarily pollinated by bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds, attracted to the nectar-rich flowers. The flower structure is often adapted to specific pollinators.
    • Deer and Rabbit Resistance: Generally considered deer and rabbit resistant, making them a good choice for gardens where these animals are a problem. This resistance is likely due to the presence of alkaloids in the plant tissues, which are unpalatable to many herbivores.
    • Toxicity: Important Note: Many Lobelia species contain alkaloids that are toxic if ingested. Handle with care and keep away from children and pets. While the toxicity varies between species, it is best to err on the side of caution.

    Details

    • Genus: Lobelia (includes former genera Isotoma and Laurentia)
    • Family: Campanulaceae (Bellflower family)
    • Life Cycle: Annual, perennial, or biennial, depending on the species.
    • Origin: Wide distribution globally, with species native to North and South America, Europe, Asia, Africa, and Australia. Isotoma specifically originates from Australia, while Lobelia specifically originates in Southern Africa.
    • Common Names: Lobelia, Cardinal Flower (L. cardinalis), Great Blue Lobelia (L. siphilitica), Blue Star Creeper (L. fluviatilis), Indian Tobacco (L. inflata), and many others depending on the species.

    Native Habitat The native habitats of Lobelia species are incredibly diverse, reflecting the genus's global distribution:

    • Temperate Woodlands: Some species, like L. siphilitica, thrive in moist, shaded woodlands.
    • Wetlands and Stream Banks: Many Lobelias, including L. cardinalis, prefer consistently moist environments like marshes, bogs, and the edges of streams.
    • Meadows and Grasslands: Some species are adapted to open, sunny meadows.
    • Rocky Outcrops and Cliffs: Certain species, particularly some of the smaller, groundcover types, are found in rocky, well-drained habitats.
    • Tropical and Subtropical Regions: Many Lobelia species thrive in warmer climates.

    Landscaping Design Tips

    Lobelias offer a multitude of landscaping possibilities:

    • Borders: Upright Lobelias (e.g., L. cardinalis, L. siphilitica) add vertical interest and vibrant color to mixed borders.
    • Containers and Hanging Baskets: Trailing or compact Lobelias are excellent for containers and hanging baskets, providing a cascade of color.
    • Groundcover: Low-growing species like L. fluviatilis (Blue Star Creeper) create a beautiful, flowering carpet, ideal for filling gaps between stepping stones, along pathways, or in rock gardens. It is also excellent for erosion control on slopes.
    • Water Gardens and Pond Edges: Moisture-loving species like L. cardinalis are perfect for planting around ponds and water features.
    • Wildlife Gardens: Lobelias attract pollinators, making them a valuable addition to butterfly and hummingbird gardens.
    • Mass Planting: Planting large groups of the same Lobelia species or cultivar creates a dramatic visual impact. This is particularly effective with the brightly colored varieties. Consider using mass plantings along walkways, in front of shrubs, or as a focal point in a garden bed.
    • Accent Plants: Because of their bright colors and interesting flower shapes, Lobelias can be used as accent plants to draw the eye to specific areas of the garden.

    Hardiness

    • USDA Hardiness Zones: Varies widely by species. Check the specific hardiness zone for the Lobelia you are planting.
      • Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower): Zones 3-9
      • Lobelia siphilitica (Great Blue Lobelia): Zones 4-9
      • Lobelia fluviatilis (Blue Star Creeper): Zones 5-10 (some sources say 6-9)
      • Many annual Lobelias are grown as annuals in all zones.
      • Isotoma axillaris is hardy in zones 10-11.

    Planting and Cultivation

    1. Timing:
      • Perennials: Plant in spring or early fall.
      • Annuals: Plant after the last frost.
      • Seeds: Start seeds indoors 8-12 weeks before the last frost.
    2. Location:
      • Choose a site with appropriate sunlight exposure for the specific species (full sun to partial shade).
      • Ensure the soil is well-drained, especially for species susceptible to root rot.
    3. Soil Preparation:
      • Amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
      • For species that prefer acidic soil (e.g., L. cardinalis), consider adding peat moss or other acidifying amendments.
    4. Planting:
      • Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball.
      • Gently loosen the roots if they are pot-bound.
      • Place the plant in the hole at the same depth it was growing in the container.
      • Backfill with soil, firming gently around the roots.
      • Water thoroughly.
    5. Spacing:
      • Space plants according to their mature size. Groundcover types can be planted closer together, while upright perennials need more space.
    6. Watering:
      • Keep the soil consistently moist, especially during the first growing season.
      • Once established, some species are more drought-tolerant, but most benefit from regular watering, especially during dry periods.
      • Avoid overwatering, which can lead to root rot.
    7. Fertilizing:
      • Apply a balanced, all-purpose fertilizer in spring.
      • For heavy bloomers, supplement with a liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
      • Avoid over-fertilizing, which can lead to excessive foliage growth at the expense of flowers.
    8. Mulching:
      • Apply a layer of mulch around the plants to help retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
    9. Pruning:
      • Deadhead spent flowers to encourage continued blooming.
      • Shear back leggy plants by up to one-third to promote bushier growth and more flowers.
      • Cut back perennial Lobelias to the ground in late fall or early spring.
    10. Propagation:
      • Division: Divide established clumps of perennial Lobelias in spring or fall.
      • Cuttings: Take stem cuttings in spring or summer. Use rooting hormone for best results.
      • Seeds: Sow seeds indoors in late winter or early spring.
    11. Pest and Disease Management:
      • Keep an eye out for common pests like aphids, spider mites, and slugs. Treat infestations as needed with insecticidal soap or other appropriate controls.
      • Ensure good air circulation to prevent fungal diseases like powdery mildew and rust.
      • If root rot is a problem, improve soil drainage and avoid overwatering.

    By following these guidelines, you can successfully grow and enjoy the beauty of Lobelias (including those formerly known as Isotoma and Laurentia) in your garden. Remember to always check the specific requirements of the particular species or cultivar you are growing.

    Isotoma fluviatilis, also known as Blue Star Creeper or Laurentia, is a versatile, low-growing perennial ground cover that adds a touch of delicate beauty to any landscape.

    • Enchanting Blooms: Produces masses of tiny, star-shaped, light blue flowers, creating a stunning carpet-like effect from spring to early summer.
    • Lush Foliage: Features small, rounded, bright green leaves forming a dense mat that effectively suppresses weeds.
    • Spreading Habit: Spreads rapidly via runners, making it ideal for filling in gaps and creating a lush, expansive ground cover.
    • Adaptable: Thrives in various conditions, from full sun to partial shade and moist, well-drained soils. Also tolerates occasional flooding and foot traffic.
    • Low Maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care, making it perfect for busy gardeners.
    • Versatile Use: Suitable for pathways, rock gardens, between steppingstones, or as a filler around taller plants.
    • Wildlife-Friendly: Attracts pollinators like bees and butterflies with its abundant blooms.

    Additional Information:

    • Origin: Native to Australia
    • Height: Typically grows 1-2 inches tall
    • Spread: Can spread up to 12-18 inches in its first season, eventually forming a large patch.
    • Hardiness Zones: 5-10
    • Moisture: Prefers consistently moist soil but can tolerate some dryness once established.
    • Spreading: Can be somewhat aggressive, so it may require occasional edging or containment.

    Landscaping Benefits:

    • Erosion Control: Its dense mat helps to stabilize soil on slopes and banks.
    • Weed Suppression: Effectively prevents weed growth in shaded areas.
    • Visual Appeal: Adds a touch of color and texture with its delicate blue flowers and lush green foliage.
    • Ecological Value: Provides a valuable food source for pollinators.

    Overall, Isotoma fluviatilis (Blue Star Creeper) is a beautiful and versatile ground cover that offers numerous benefits for your landscape. Its delicate flowers, lush foliage, adaptability, and low-maintenance nature make it an excellent choice for gardeners of all levels.

    Laurentia, Isotoma, and Lobelia are three closely related genera of flowering plants that have undergone a series of taxonomic revisions over the years. They all belong to the family Campanulaceae, subfamily Lobelioideae.

    Historically:

    • Laurentia: This genus was originally considered distinct, characterized by its small flowers and creeping habit.
    • Isotoma: This genus was also considered separate, with distinguishing features like larger flowers and a more upright growth habit.
    • Lobelia: A large and diverse genus with a wide range of flower shapes and growth habits.

    Current Understanding:

    Recent molecular studies have led to a reassessment of these genera, with many species formerly classified as Laurentia and Isotoma now included within the genus Lobelia. This is because the genetic differences between these groups were found to be relatively small and not sufficient to warrant separate genera.

    Key Points:

    • Lobelia now encompasses a broader range of plant forms and characteristics. This includes species with small, delicate flowers and creeping growth habits (formerly Laurentia) as well as those with larger, more showy flowers and upright growth habits (formerly Isotoma).
    • Some resources may still use the older classifications. This can lead to confusion when researching these plants. If you encounter conflicting information, it is best to consult the latest scientific literature or databases.
    • The relationships between these groups are complex. Even within the genus Lobelia, there is significant diversity and ongoing research into the relationships between different species groups.

    Example:

    • The plant formerly known as Isotoma fluviatilis is now classified as Lobelia fluviatilis.

    In summary: While the names Laurentia and Isotoma may still be encountered, it is important to remember that they are now generally considered part of the broader genus Lobelia. This reflects our evolving understanding of the relationships between these fascinating plants.

    It is tricky to give you distinct morphological descriptions for Laurentia and Isotoma because they are now generally considered part of the genus Lobelia. This means the morphological features that once defined them are now found within the broader range of Lobelia.

    However, I can give you a general overview of the morphology commonly associated with these groups and how they fit within Lobelia:

    Lobelia (including former Laurentia and Isotoma)

    • Habit: Highly variable, ranging from low-growing, mat-forming perennials (like former Laurentia species) to upright annuals and perennials (like former Isotoma species). Some Lobelia can even be shrubby or tree-like!
    • Leaves: Usually alternate, simple, and often toothed. They can be quite variable in shape and size depending on the species.
    • Flowers: The most distinctive feature! They are typically zygomorphic (bilaterally symmetrical) with a five-lobed corolla (the petals).
      • Former Laurentia types: Often have smaller, star-shaped flowers with a short tube. Colors are commonly blue, white, or pink.
      • Former Isotoma types: Tend to have larger, more open, and sometimes bell-shaped flowers with a longer tube. Colors are often blue or purple but can vary.
      • Fruit: A capsule containing numerous small seeds.

    Here is how to think about the morphology in light of the taxonomic changes:

    Imagine Lobelia as a big family with diverse members. Some members (former Laurentia) are short and have small, delicate features. Others (former Isotoma) are taller and have larger, more prominent features. But they all share the core characteristics of the Lobelia family, especially the distinctive flower structure.

    Key takeaway: While the morphological features you might associate with Laurentia and Isotoma are still useful for describing certain Lobelia species, it is important to remember that these are now part of a broader spectrum within the genus Lobelia.

    Since Laurentia and Isotoma are now considered part of Lobelia, their cultivation needs are essentially the same as for other Lobelia species. However, remembering the general growth habits associated with the old names can help you understand their preferences.  

    General Lobelia Cultivation (including former Laurentia and Isotoma types):

    • Light: Most prefer full sun to partial shade. Former Laurentia types, often used as ground cover, might tolerate more shade.
    • Soil: Well-drained soil is crucial. Amend heavy clay soil with compost to improve drainage.
    • Moisture: Lobelia generally like consistently moist soil, but don't let them sit in waterlogged conditions. Former Laurentia types (like Lobelia fluviatilis) often thrive in moist to wet areas and can even be used in bog gardens.
    • Planting:
      • Seeds: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost. Lobelia seeds need light to germinate, so do not bury them deeply.
      • Transplants: Space plants according to their mature size, considering the spread of former Laurentia types.
    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during dry periods. Mulching can help retain soil moisture.
    • Fertilizing: Feed with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks during the growing season.
    • Maintenance:
      • Deadheading: Removing faded flowers encourages continued blooming.
      • Pinching: Pinching back tips can promote bushier growth.
      • Overwintering: In colder climates, former Laurentia types may benefit from a protective winter mulch. Some Lobelia are treated as annuals.

    Specific Considerations Based on Growth Habit:

    • Former Laurentia types: These spreading, mat-forming plants are excellent for ground cover, edging, or hanging baskets. Ensure good drainage to prevent rot.
    • Former Isotoma types: These more upright plants work well in borders, containers, or as accents in the garden. Provide support if needed for taller varieties.

    Examples:

    • Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower): A tall, striking plant with red flowers that prefers moist soil and full sun to part shade.
    • Lobelia siphilitica (Great Blue Lobelia): An upright plant with blue flowers that tolerates a range of conditions but prefers moist soil.
    • Lobelia erinus (Edging Lobelia): A popular annual with small, blue flowers often used in bedding displays.

    By understanding the general needs of Lobelia and considering the growth habits associated with former Laurentia and Isotoma types, you can successfully cultivate these beautiful plants in your garden.

    Here is a calendar of care for Laurentia, Isotoma, and Lobelia (including former Laurentia and Isotoma types):

    Spring:

    • April-May: Start seeds indoors 6-8 weeks before the last frost.
    • May-June: Transplant seedlings to the garden after frost danger has passed. Space plants 6-12 inches apart.

    Summer:

    • June-September: Water regularly to keep soil moist but not soggy.
    • June-August: Fertilize with a balanced liquid fertilizer every 4-6 weeks.
    • Deadhead: Remove faded flowers to encourage continued blooming.

    Fall:

    • September-October: Pinch back stems to promote bushier growth.
    • October-November: Prepare for winter by cutting back dead foliage.

    Winter:

    • Winter: In colder climates, protect former Laurentia types with mulch. Treat annual Lobelia as annuals.

    Additional Tips:

    • Mulching: Apply a layer of mulch around the base of plants to help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.
    • Pests and Diseases: Lobelia are generally pest-free but watch for aphids and slugs. Treat with insecticidal soap or neem oil as needed.
    • Deadheading: Regularly remove faded flowers to encourage continuous blooming.
    • Pinching: Pinching back tips can promote bushier growth.

    This calendar is a general guideline. Adjust dates based on your specific location and climate.

    Species, groups, varieties, and cultivars, as this can be confusing with the changing taxonomy of Laurentia and Isotoma! I will try to clarify:

    Remember: Many plants formerly classified as Laurentia and Isotoma are now within the genus Lobelia. So, when you encounter names like Laurentia fluviatilis or Isotoma axillaris, they likely refer to Lobelia species.

    Key Groups and Species within Lobelia (including former Laurentia and Isotoma):

    • "Laurentia-like" Group: These are generally low-growing, spreading plants with small, often star-shaped flowers.
      • Lobelia fluviatilis (formerly Laurentia fluviatilis): Also known as Blue Star Creeper, it forms a dense mat with tiny blue flowers. Popular for ground cover and between stepping stones.
      • Lobelia pedunculata (formerly Laurentia pedunculata): Similar to L. fluviatilis but with slightly larger flowers and a more upright habit.
    • "Isotoma-like" Group: These tend to be more upright plants with larger, often bell-shaped flowers.
      • Lobelia axillaris (formerly Isotoma axillaris): Features blue to purple flowers and a bushy growth habit.
      • Lobelia hypocrateriformis (formerly Isotoma hypocrateriformis): Has distinctive saucer-shaped flowers, usually blue.
    • Other Notable Lobelia Species:
      • Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower): Tall, striking red flowers.
      • Lobelia siphilitica (Great Blue Lobelia): Upright with blue flowers.
      • Lobelia erinus (Edging Lobelia): Popular annual with small, blue flowers.

    Cultivars:

    Many cultivars (cultivated varieties) exist within these species, offering variations in flower color, size, and growth habit. Here are a few examples:

    • Lobelia fluviatilis 'Beth's Blue': A cultivar of Blue Star Creeper with deeper blue flowers.
    • Lobelia erinus 'Laguna Sky Blue': A cultivar of Edging Lobelia with sky-blue flowers and a trailing habit.
    • Lobelia × speciosa 'Fan Scarlet': A hybrid Lobelia with vibrant scarlet flowers.

    Tips for Finding Information:

    • Use multiple search terms: When researching, try different combinations of the scientific names (including old and new) and common names.
    • Check reputable sources: Look for information from botanical gardens, universities, or well-known nurseries.
    • Pay attention to descriptions: Even if the name is outdated, the description of the plant will help you identify it.

    By understanding the relationships between these groups and using a variety of search strategies, you can navigate the world of Lobelia and find the perfect plants for your garden.

    Mass planting with Lobelia (including former Laurentia and Isotoma) can create stunning displays of color and texture in your garden. Here are some top choices and tips for successful mass planting:  

    Best Lobelia for Mass Planting:

    • Lobelia fluviatilis (Blue Star Creeper): This low-growing, spreading species is perfect for creating a carpet of blue. Ideal for ground cover, borders, and rock gardens.
      • Pros: Dense growth habit, long blooming period, tolerates some foot traffic.
      • Consider: Can be aggressive in ideal conditions, so provide adequate space or edging.
    • Lobelia pedunculata: Similar to L. fluviatilis but with slightly larger flowers and a more upright habit. Excellent for filling in gaps and creating a lush, green backdrop.
    • Lobelia erinus (Edging Lobelia): This annual Lobelia comes in a variety of colors (blue, white, pink) and is perfect for creating colorful drifts in borders or containers.
      • Pros: Abundant blooms, compact growth habit, readily available.
      • Consider: Needs consistent moisture and may require replanting annually.
    • Lobelia cardinalis (Cardinal Flower): Use this tall, striking species for a bold splash of red in a moist, sunny border.
      • Pros: Attracts pollinators, long blooming season, adds vertical interest.
      • Consider: May require staking and prefers consistently moist soil.

    Tips for Mass Planting Lobelia:

    • Spacing: Consider the mature size of the plants. Space them close enough for a full look but allow for adequate air circulation.
    • Soil Preparation: Amend the soil with compost to improve drainage and fertility.
    • Watering: Provide consistent moisture, especially during establishment and dry periods.
    • Deadheading: Remove faded flowers to encourage continuous blooming and prevent self-seeding (if desired).
    • Combinations: Combine different Lobelia species or cultivars for a varied display. Pair them with complementary plants like ferns, grasses, or other flowering perennials.

    Design Ideas:

    • Ground Cover: Use Lobelia fluviatilis to create a flowing carpet of blue beneath taller plants or as a lawn alternative.
    • Borders and Edging: Plant Lobelia erinus or L. pedunculata along walkways or flower beds for a vibrant edge.
    • Rock Gardens: Tuck Lobelia fluviatilis or L. pedunculata between rocks for a naturalized look.
    • Containers: Combine different Lobelia cultivars in pots and hanging baskets for a colorful display.

    With careful planning and the right Lobelia species, you can create a stunning mass planting that will bring beauty and life to your garden.

    Isotoma FAQ

    Isotoma, formerly known as Laurentia, is a genus of annual and perennial herbs belonging to the Campanulaceae family, also known as the bellflower family. These charming little plants, often called blue star creepers for their star-shaped flowers, offer a delightful combination of:

    • Delicate blooms: Isotoma features clusters of small, star-shaped flowers in various shades of blue, making them a true eye-catcher in any garden.
    • Low maintenance: These hardy plants tolerate various soil conditions and light levels, making them a relatively fuss-free addition to your landscape.
    • Versatility: Isotoma can be used as groundcovers, in rock gardens, borders, containers, and even spilling over hanging baskets, adding a touch of elegance and charm to any space.

    Here is a closer look at the world of Isotoma:

    Types of Isotoma:

    • Isotoma fluviatilis: The most common type, also known as blue star creeper, features vibrant blue star-shaped flowers that bloom almost year-round in mild climates.
    • Isotoma petraea: A smaller variety with delicate lilac or white flowers, ideal for rock gardens and crevices.
    • Isotoma axillaris: Produces larger, showy flowers in shades of blue, purple, and white, perfect for borders and containers.

    Caring for Isotoma:

    • Sunlight: Most Isotoma prefer full sun or partial shade for optimal flowering.
    • Soil: Well-draining soil is crucial to avoid root rot. Amend heavy clay with compost or other organic matter before planting.
    • Watering: Water regularly, especially during hot and dry spells, but avoid overwatering.
    • Fertilizing: Light fertilization with a balanced fertilizer in spring and summer encourages healthy growth and blooming.
    • Deadheading: Regularly remove spent flowers to promote further blooming.

    Interesting facts about Isotoma:

    • The name "Isotoma" comes from Greek words meaning "equal section," likely referring to the symmetrical shape of the flower.
    • In the language of flowers, Isotoma symbolizes sincerity and trustworthiness.
    • Some Isotoma varieties have medicinal properties and have been used traditionally for various ailments.

    Whether you are a seasoned gardener or just starting out, Isotoma is a versatile and rewarding plant to add to your collection. With its delicate blooms and easy-care needs, it is sure to bring a touch of charm and tranquility to your garden.

    Planting Isotoma, your charming blue star creeper, is a simple process, but following these steps will ensure your starlets thrive and shower you with delightful blooms:

    Choosing the Right Time and Location:

    • Timing: Ideally, plant Isotoma when there is no danger of frost, usually in early spring for mild climates and late spring or early summer for colder regions.

    Location: Consider their needs:

    • Sun or Shade: Most Isotoma prefer full sun to partial shade for optimal flowering. Opt for sunnier spots in cooler climates and partial shade in hot regions.
    • Soil: They need well-draining soil to prevent root rot. Amend heavy clay with compost or other organic matter before planting.

    Planting Steps:

    • Prepare the soil: Loosen the soil in the planting area about a foot deep. Mix in compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
    • Dig holes: Make holes two to three times the width of the plant's root ball, spacing them according to the variety's recommended distance (usually 6-12 inches apart).
    • Position the plants: Gently remove the Isotoma from their containers and place them in the holes with the crown (where the stems meet the roots) at soil level. Do not bury them too deep.
    • Backfill and firm: Fill the holes with soil and gently tamp it down to eliminate air pockets.
    • Water deeply: Water thoroughly to settle the soil and moisten the roots. You can add a layer of mulch around the base to retain moisture and suppress weeds.

    Additional Tips:

    • Water regularly, especially during the first year and hot, dry spells. Aim for moist but not soggy soil.
    • Deadhead spent flowers regularly throughout the season to encourage further blooming.
    • Pinching back the stems occasionally can promote bushier growth, especially in containers.
    • For annual varieties, fertilize every 2-4 weeks with a balanced fertilizer during the blooming season. Perennials generally do not require frequent feeding, but a light application of compost in spring is beneficial.
    • Observe your Isotoma and adjust their care based on their needs. For example, some varieties may require more or less water depending on your climate.

    With these simple steps and attentive care, your Isotoma will reward you with vibrant blue blooms and cascading foliage for many seasons to come.

    Isotoma, your charming blue star creeper, offers a delightful variety of blooms to brighten your garden! While most share the characteristic star-shaped flowers and low-growing habit, each type brings its own unique charm:

    Star of the Show:

    • Isotoma fluviatilis (Blue star creeper): The classic choice, boasting vibrant sky-blue blossoms that bloom profusely from spring to fall. Ideal for groundcovers, borders, and hanging baskets.
    • Isotoma axillaris: Showy blooms in shades of blue, purple, and white add pops of color to borders and containers. Larger flowers than I. fluviatilis, making them stand out.

    Compact Charmers:

    • Isotoma petraea: Delicate lilac or white flowers adorn this petite variety, perfect for rock gardens and crevices. Adds a touch of elegance to smaller spaces.
    • Isotoma anethifolia: Features clusters of tiny white flowers on slender stems, ideal for edging and spilling over hanging baskets. A delicate and airy addition to your garden.

    Beyond the Blues:

    • Isotoma luticola: This rare gem bears stunning yellow flowers, adding a unique pop of sunshine to your landscape. Great for rock gardens and well-drained areas.
    • Isotoma scapigera: A taller variety with star-shaped, white flowers blooming from late spring to summer. Suitable for borders and backdrops in the garden.

    Choosing the Right One:

    Consider these factors when selecting your Isotoma varieties:

    • Bloom color: From classic blue to vibrant purple, white, and even yellow, pick shades that complement your garden palette.
    • Plant size: Opt for low-growing groundcovers like I. fluviatilis or taller varieties like I. scapigera for borders.
    • Sun exposure: Most prefer full sun or partial shade, but some like I. axillaris tolerate more sun.
    • Special features: Consider unique characteristics like the delicate leaves of I. anethifolia or the yellow blooms of I. luticola.

    With its diverse options and easy care, Isotoma offers a perfect choice for any garden. Do not hesitate to mix and match different varieties to create a captivating tapestry of star-shaped blooms!

    Remember, even seemingly ordinary Isotoma varieties can offer charm. Their lush foliage and low-growing habit bring texture and visual interest to your garden.

    Keeping your Isotoma, those charming blue star creepers, thriving in your garden is a breeze! Here are some helpful tips to ensure they bring you vibrant blooms and lush foliage for seasons to come:

    Sun and Shade:

    Most Isotoma varieties appreciate full sun to partial shade for optimal flowering. However, some like Isotoma axillaris can handle more sun in cooler climates. Observe your chosen variety and adjust accordingly.

    Watering:

    Isotoma enjoys moist soil but dislikes getting soggy. Aim for consistently moist, not wet, soil. Water regularly, especially during the first year and hot, dry spells. Mulching around the base helps retain moisture and suppress weeds.

    Soil:

    Well-draining soil is crucial for Isotoma to avoid root rot. Amend heavy clay with compost or other organic matter before planting. Sandy soil might require more frequent watering.

    Feeding:

    • Annuals: Fertilize with a balanced fertilizer every 2-4 weeks during the blooming season to encourage continuous flower power.
    • Perennials: Generally, do not require frequent feeding. A light application of compost in spring is sufficient.

    Maintenance:

    • Deadhead spent flowers regularly throughout the season to promote further blooming and keep your Isotoma looking neat.
    • Pinching back the stems occasionally can encourage bushier growth, especially in containers.
    • For perennials: After flowering, prune back by about a third to maintain a tidy shape and prevent legginess. You can also divide overcrowded clumps every 3-5 years to rejuvenate growth.

    Additional Tips:

    • Observe your Isotoma and adjust their care based on their needs. They may require more or less water depending on your climate and soil type.
    • Protect young plants from frost in colder regions. You can cover them with a light frost blanket or mulch heavily.
    • Be mindful of extreme heat. If your area experiences scorching temperatures, provide some afternoon shade for your Isotoma, especially annuals.

    By following these simple steps and providing attentive care, your Isotoma will reward you with a dazzling display of blooms and cascading foliage for many seasons to come. Do not hesitate to ask if you have any specific questions about caring for your chosen Isotoma varieties!

    Happy gardening!

    While Isotoma, your charming blue star creeper, might not be the ultimate pollinator magnet, they certainly contribute to the buzzing ecosystem in your garden! Here is how:

    Attractive features:

    • Open, star-shaped flowers: Many Isotoma varieties boast open blooms filled with nectar, readily accessible to a variety of pollinators like bees, butterflies, and even hummingbirds.
    • Long blooming period: Some Isotoma, like the classic blue star creeper, bloom profusely from spring to fall, providing a reliable source of food for pollinators throughout their peak activity season.
    • Bright colors: Several Isotoma varieties come in vibrant shades of blue, purple, and white, which attract pollinators with their visual cues.

    Supporting the ecosystem:

    • Pollen and nectar: Even if not their main destination, Isotoma offers additional pollen and nectar sources for visiting pollinators, supplementing their diet, and boosting their success.
    • Shelter and rest: The dense foliage of Isotoma, especially perennial varieties, provides a haven for pollinators to rest and escape harsh weather or predators.
    • Promoting diversity: Adding Isotoma to your garden with other pollinator-friendly plants creates a diverse and flourishing ecosystem, attracting a wider range of pollinators.

    Making a difference:

    • While Isotoma might not be as irresistible as some dedicated pollinator plants, their contribution still matters. Every nectar source and pollen grain supports the vital work of pollinators, and their presence in your garden helps maintain a healthy ecosystem.
    • Combine Isotoma with other pollinator favorites like lavender, daisies, and herbs to create a true pollinator paradise in your garden.

    Remember:

    • Some Isotoma varieties offer a more subtle fragrance, while others like Isotoma luticola have a slightly peppery scent. While not overwhelming, this might deter some pollinators.
    • Focus on maintaining healthy, blooming Isotoma plants to optimize their pollinator appeal. Proper care and deadheading ensure a continuous supply of attractive flowers.

    By appreciating Isotoma's subtle contribution to the pollinator world and combining them with other pollinator-friendly plants, you can create a garden that buzzes with life and supports the crucial work of these tiny allies!

    Happy gardening!

    Isotoma, your charming blue star creeper, adds a touch of delicate beauty and textural intrigue to floral arrangements. Here is why you should consider incorporating them:

    Versatility:

    • Foliage: Isotoma offers a diverse selection of foliage options, from smooth and glossy to ruffled and fuzzy, in shades of vibrant green to cool blue-green. They provide stunning contrast and textural interest to other flowers.
    • Flowers: While not the main attraction, Isotoma blooms in various shades of white, pink, purple, and lilac, adding pops of color and delicate charm to your arrangements.
    • Long-lasting:
    • Isotoma foliage is remarkably long-lasting, staying fresh and vibrant in arrangements for up to 5-6 weeks, sometimes even longer! This makes them a budget-friendly and low-maintenance addition.
    • Easy to use:
    • Simply cut stems at an angle with sharp shears. Isotoma readily absorbs water, so no special treatment is needed.

    Pairing options:

    • Isotoma plays well with various flowers and foliage. Try pairing them with roses, lilies, hydrangeas, tulips, ferns, or ornamental grasses for a dynamic and textured look.
    • Tips for using Isotoma in arrangements:
    • Choose foliage with good color and no blemishes.
    • Mix and match different Isotoma varieties for a stunning effect.
    • Use Isotoma as a filler or textural element, or let their vibrant colors take center stage.
    • Consider the scale of your arrangement and choose Isotoma varieties of appropriate size.

    Remember:

    • Some Isotoma varieties have a slightly peppery scent, which can be pleasant in small doses but overwhelming in large quantities. Use them sparingly if fragrance sensitivity is a concern.
    • Experiment and have fun! Isotoma's versatility and charming blooms allow for endless creative possibilities in your floral arrangements.

    So, do not hesitate to unleash your creativity and let Isotoma bring a touch of whimsical magic to your next floral masterpiece!

    Here are some additional details to consider:

    • Flower size: Some Isotoma varieties, like Isotoma axillaris, have larger blooms that might stand out more in bigger arrangements.
    • Color combinations: Consider matching Isotoma's shades with your overall color palette for a cohesive look.
    • Placement: Use Isotoma strategically to fill gaps, add contrast, or complement other elements in your arrangement.

    The invasiveness of Isotoma, your charming blue star creeper, depends on the specific species and variety, as well as your local environment. Here is a breakdown to help you determine its potential:

    Generally, not invasive:

    • Most native North American Isotoma species: These include Isotoma sanguinea, Isotoma americana, and Isotoma villosa. They are not considered invasive in their natural habitats.
    • Many cultivated varieties: Especially hybrids, are often not aggressively spreading and safe to plant in gardens. Popular examples include 'Obsidian,' 'Limelight,' and 'Marmalade.'

    Factors to consider:

    • Climate: Isotoma thrives in well-drained soil and partial shade. In cool, temperate climates, they are less likely to spread aggressively. However, in warm, humid climates with ample moisture, invasive potential increases.
    • Garden conditions: Densely planted gardens with moist soil and limited sunlight provide ideal conditions for Isotoma to spread. Monitor your plants and control their growth if necessary.
    • Variety information: Consult reputable sources like native plant nurseries or botanical gardens to determine the invasive potential of your specific Isotoma variety in your region.

    Tips for responsible planting:

    • Research thoroughly: Consult reliable sources to understand the potential invasiveness of your chosen Isotoma in your area.
    • Choose wisely: Opt for non-invasive species and varieties suitable for your local climate and garden conditions.
    • Monitor and manage: Keep an eye on your Isotoma and promptly remove unwanted runners or sprouts to prevent unwanted spread.
    • Consider alternatives: In areas with concerns about Isotoma invasiveness, explore alternative shade-loving perennials with similar foliage colors and textures.

    By choosing the right species and varieties and practicing responsible garden management, you can enjoy the beauty of Isotoma without harming your local ecosystem.

    The best time to divide Isotoma, also known as blue star creeper, depends on your climate and the current state of your plants. Here is a breakdown of the two main options:

    Spring (early to mid-March to early April):

    • This is the ideal time in most climates, especially if you have mild winters. The soil is starting to warm up, but it is still cool enough to minimize stress on the plants. They will have plenty of time to establish before the hottest weather arrives.
    • However, if you live in a frost-prone area, wait until there is no more danger of frost before dividing.

    Fall (September to October):

    • This can be a good option in warmer climates with mild winters. The soil is still warm, and the plants have time to establish before winter dormancy.
    • However, avoid dividing too late in the fall if you have harsh winters, as the plants may not have enough time to establish before freezing temperatures arrive.

    Here are some additional factors to consider:

    • Plant health: Divide healthy, actively growing plants for the best results. Avoid dividing plants that are stressed, diseased, or damaged.
    • Maturity: Mature plants with dense clumps are ideal candidates for division. Younger plants may not have enough roots to establish quickly.
    • Weather: Choose a mild, overcast day for dividing, as this will minimize stress on the plants. Avoid dividing during hot, sunny periods.

    By following these guidelines, you can choose the best time to divide your Isotoma and ensure they thrive in their new homes.