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    • Brunnera

    Shade Garden Texture & Dazzling Silver Leaves

    • Stunning Silver & Variegated Foliage: Brighten up shady spots with luminous foliage! Brunnera is prized for its exquisite, heart-shaped leaves, often dramatically marked with silver, white, or cream. This dazzling foliage illuminates shady corners and provides season-long visual interest.
    • Delicate Spring Blue Forget-Me-Not Blooms: Welcome spring with a touch of ethereal beauty! Brunnera produces delicate sprays of tiny, sky-blue flowers in spring that resemble Forget-Me-Nots, adding a charming and graceful touch to the shade garden.
    • Thrives in Shade & Part Shade: Perfect for challenging shady locations! Brunnera excels in partial to full shade, making it an ideal choice for north-facing gardens, woodland areas, under trees, and other shady spots where many flowering plants struggle.
    • Low Maintenance & Easy to Grow: Effortless beauty for any gardener. Once established, Brunnera is remarkably low-maintenance. It is deer-resistant, relatively pest and disease-free, and requires minimal pruning, allowing you to enjoy its beauty with ease.
    • Deer Resistant: Protect your shade garden from deer browsing! Brunnera is generally considered deer-resistant, ensuring its beautiful foliage and blooms remain untouched.
    • Long Season of Foliage Interest: Enjoy beautiful foliage from spring through fall. Brunnera's attractive leaves maintain their captivating patterns and colors throughout the growing season, providing consistent visual appeal even after the spring blooms fade.
    • Excellent Groundcover or Border Plant: Versatile and practical in the garden. Brunnera slowly spreads to form attractive clumps, making it an excellent groundcover for suppressing weeds in shady areas or a beautiful edging plant for borders and pathways.
    • Variety of Foliage Options: Choose the perfect Brunnera for your style! With a wide range of cultivars available, you can select from different foliage patterns and colors, including intensely silvered leaves, variegated varieties, and more, to perfectly match your garden aesthetic.
    • Light: Prefers partial shade to full shade. Brunnera thrives in shade and needs protection from hot afternoon sun, which can scorch its delicate leaves. Morning sun is generally tolerated. Dappled shade under trees or consistent shade throughout the day is ideal.
    • Soil: Plant in moist, fertile, well-drained soil. Brunnera thrives in humus-rich soil. Amend heavy clay or sandy soils generously with compost, leaf mold, or other organic matter to improve moisture retention, drainage, and fertility. Slightly acidic to neutral soil pH is preferred.
    • Planting Time: Spring or fall are the best times to plant Brunnera. Spring planting allows for a full growing season to establish before winter. Fall planting provides cooler temperatures and moisture for root establishment. Avoid planting during the heat of summer or when the ground is frozen.

    Planting Instructions (Container Plants or Divisions):

    1. Choose Your Location: Select a shady to partially shady location with moist, well-drained, humus-rich soil.
    2. Prepare the Planting Hole: Dig a hole that is twice as wide as the root ball and just as deep.
    3. Amend the Soil (Crucial): Generously amend the backfill soil with compost, leaf mold, or other organic matter. Brunnera thrives in rich, woodland-type soil that retains moisture.
    4. Remove from Container: Gently remove the Brunnera from its container, loosening any circling roots if present.
    5. Planting Depth: Place the root ball in the center of the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil. Avoid planting too deeply; the crown of the plant (where leaves emerge) should be at soil level.
    6. Backfill and Firm: Backfill the hole with the prepared soil mixture, gently firming around the base of the plant.
    7. Water Thoroughly: Water deeply after planting to settle the soil and provide initial moisture.
    8. Mulch (Highly Recommended): Apply a generous layer of organic mulch (such as leaf mold, shredded bark, or compost) around the base of the plant, keeping it away from the stems. Mulch is essential for retaining moisture, suppressing weeds, keeping the soil cool, and mimicking their natural woodland floor environment.

    Ongoing Care:

    • Watering:
      • Establishment: Water regularly and consistently during the first growing season, especially during dry spells, to help establish a strong root system. Keep the soil consistently moist, never allowing it to dry out completely, particularly during warmer months.
      • Established Plants: Once established, Brunnera prefers consistently moist soil. Water regularly during dry periods, especially in warmer weather. They are not drought-tolerant and will wilt and decline if allowed to dry out significantly. Monitor soil moisture regularly and water when the top inch of soil feels slightly dry. Deep watering is best.
    • Fertilizing: Brunnera benefits from a boost of nutrients in spring. Apply a balanced, slow-release fertilizer or top-dress with compost or leaf mold as new growth emerges in spring. Avoid over-fertilizing.
    • Pruning: Minimal pruning is required.
      • Deadheading (Optional): Deadheading spent flower stalks after blooming can improve the plant's appearance but is not strictly necessary.
      • Foliage Cleanup (Optional): You can remove any dead, damaged, or yellowing leaves as needed throughout the growing season to maintain a tidy appearance. In late summer or early fall, some varieties may experience a slight decline in older leaves, which can be trimmed back.
      • Dividing (Every few years): Mature Brunnera plants can be divided every few years (every 3-4 years) in spring or early fall if desired to propagate new plants or rejuvenate them. Dig up the clump and carefully divide it into smaller sections, ensuring each division has roots and buds. Replant the divisions promptly.
    • Overwintering: Brunnera is generally a very hardy perennial in USDA zones 3-9 (check specific zone hardiness for your location). It is very cold-hardy and generally does not require winter protection in most regions within its hardiness range. Mulch helps protect the crown in colder zones, especially for newly planted Brunnera.
    • Pests and Diseases: Brunnera is generally resistant to pests and diseases. Slugs and snails may occasionally nibble on foliage, especially in very damp conditions. Powdery mildew can sometimes be an issue in humid conditions with poor air circulation. Good air circulation and avoiding overly wet foliage can help prevent problems.

    Enjoying Your Brunnera:

    • Shade Garden Illumination: Use Brunnera to brighten up shady areas with its luminous foliage. Plant it as a focal point or in mass plantings for a dramatic effect.
    • Companion Plants: Combine with other shade-loving plants like Hostas, Heucheras, Ferns, Bleeding Hearts, and Impatiens to create a layered and visually rich shade garden.
    • Spring Blooms: Appreciate the charming blue spring flowers that add delicate beauty in the shade garden.
    • Long-Lasting Foliage Interest: Enjoy the season-long beauty of its distinctive and attractive foliage from spring until frost.

    Pro-Tip: Consistent moisture and shade are the keys to happy and thriving Brunnera plants! Mulching generously and choosing a shady location that mimics their woodland environment will ensure your Brunnera shines in your garden. Do not let the soil dry out, especially during hot weather.

    By following these guidelines, you can successfully plant and enjoy the luminous beauty of Brunnera in your shade garden for many years to come!

    Brunnera is a woodland plant that is easily grown in average, well-drained soil. Intolerant of dry soils, it prefers consistently moist, organically rich soil. In northern zones, morning sun is tolerable as long as the soil remains moist, and it needs to be grown in full shade with consistently moist soil in southern regions. Zones 3-8.

    Once established little care is needed. Cut back the old foliage in the spring rather than in the fall; it will help to protect the crown during the winter. Winter mulch is also recommended. 

    • Brunnera m Jack Frost PP13859 20ct Flat Brunnera m Jack Frost PP13859 20ct Flat

      Brunnera

      Brunnera m. 'Jack Frost' PP13859 (20)ct Flat

      Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost' PP13859 (20)ct FlatCommon Name: Heartleaf Brunnera, Siberian Bugloss The gold standard in Brunnera, and a must-have for shade gardens. A sight to behold! The leaves of 'Jack Frost' are intricately detailed with a...

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    • Brunnera m Queen of Hearts PPAF 20ct Flat Brunnera m Queen of Hearts PPAF 20ct Flat

      Brunnera

      Brunnera m. 'Queen of Hearts' PP32737 (20)ct Flat

      Brunnera macrophylla 'Queen of Hearts' PP32737 CPBRAF (20)ct FlatCommon Name: Heartleaf Brunnera, Siberian Bugloss This stunning foliage perennial will be the queen of the shade (and your heart). Compared to its companion plant 'Jack of Diamonds', 'Queen...

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    • Brunnera m Sterling Silver PPAF 20ct Flat Brunnera m Sterling Silver PPAF 20ct Flat

      Brunnera

      Brunnera m. 'Sterling Silver' PP31280 (20)ct Flat

      Brunnera macrophylla 'Sterling Silver' PP31280 (20)ct FlatCommon Name: Heartleaf Brunnera, Siberian Bugloss If you are searching for a new foliage plant for shade that looks like it is on steroids (but isn't) try this new silver-leafed variety. 'Sterling...

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    • Brunnera macrophylla Variegata 20ct Flat Photos courtesy of Walters Gardens, Inc. Brunnera macrophylla Variegata 20ct Flat Photos courtesy of Walters Gardens, Inc.

      Brunnera

      Brunnera m. 'Variegata' (20)ct Flat

      Brunnera macrophylla 'Variegata' (20)ct FlatCommon Name: Heartleaf Brunnera, Siberian Bugloss Bold, irregular, creamy white leaf margins that simply glow in the shade characterize this lovely Brunnera. This one will really light up the shady corners of...

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    Brunnera (Siberian Bugloss): Shade Garden Star

    Discover the quintessential perennial for the shade garden: Brunnera macrophylla. Commonly known as Siberian Bugloss or False Forget-me-not, this plant is celebrated for its dazzling combination of airy, sky-blue spring flowers and stunning, heart-shaped foliage. Brunnera is a true workhorse, forming a lush, weed-suppressing mound that illuminates the darkest corners of a garden with elegance and grace. If you are looking for a reliable, low-maintenance, and utterly beautiful solution for your shady spots, Brunnera is the perfect choice.

    • Botanical Name: Brunnera macrophylla
    • Common Names: Siberian Bugloss, False Forget-me-not, Heartleaf Brunnera

    The name "False Forget-me-not" comes from its sprays of tiny, vibrant blue flowers that closely resemble those of the true Forget-me-not (Myosotis). The genus Brunnera is named in honor of the Swiss botanist Samuel Brunner.

    • Airy Clouds of True Blue Flowers: In mid-spring, delicate sprays of intense, sky-blue flowers float above the emerging foliage, creating a breathtaking effect. They are a welcome sight for early-season pollinators.
    • Stunning, Season-Long Foliage: Long after the flowers fade, the heart-shaped leaves take center stage. From classic deep green to spectacular silver overlays, the foliage remains lush and beautiful all the way until the first frost.
    • The Shade Garden Workhorse: Brunnera thrives in partial to full shade, bringing life and color to difficult areas under trees or on the north side of a house where other plants struggle.
    • Effortless & Low-Maintenance: This is a plant that truly lets you relax. It is naturally resistant to most pests and diseases and is reliably deer and rabbit resistant.
    • Lush, Mounding Groundcover: It forms a dense, mounding clump that effectively suppresses weeds, making it a beautiful and practical groundcover for shade.

    Brunnera Cultivars

    While the green-leaved species is lovely, the variegated cultivars are true showstoppers.

    • 'Jack Frost': The most popular cultivar, renowned for its incredible silvery leaves that are intricately veined with dark green. It brightens up shade like no other plant.
    • 'Looking Glass': Takes the silver to the next level, with leaves that are almost entirely metallic silver, creating a luminous, reflective effect.
    • 'Alexander's Great': A giant among Brunneras, this cultivar boasts enormous, heavily silvered leaves for a dramatic, tropical look.
    • 'Hadspen Cream': Features beautiful green leaves edged with a wide, irregular margin of creamy white, perfect for adding a touch of brightness.

    Growing Conditions

    • Hardiness Zones: Very hardy, thriving in USDA Zones 3-8.
    • Sunlight Requirements: Brunnera performs best in partial to full shade. It is crucial to protect it from hot, direct afternoon sun, which can scorch the leaves, especially on the silver cultivars. Morning sun is acceptable in cooler climates.
    • Soil Type Preferences: Prefers consistently moist, rich, and well-drained soil. It flourishes when the soil is amended with plenty of organic matter like compost or leaf mold.
    • Water Needs: Consistent moisture is key. Water regularly during the first season and during any dry spells. Brunnera does not like to dry out completely, though established plants are more resilient.
    • Habit, Mature Height and Spread:
      • Habit: Forms a tidy, symmetrical mound of foliage.
      • Height: 1.5 feet tall.
      • Spread: 1.5 to 2.5 feet wide.
    • Bloom Time and Flower Colors: Clusters of small, bright blue flowers appear in mid-to-late spring (typically April and May).

    Pest, Disease & Animal Resistance

    • Deer & Rabbit Resistance: Due to its slightly fuzzy leaf texture, Brunnera is highly resistant to both deer and rabbits.
    • Pests & Diseases: This is a remarkably healthy plant. In very damp conditions, slugs may occasionally visit. In hot and humid weather, some leaf spot can occur, but this is largely cosmetic. Modern cultivars like 'Jack Frost' have excellent disease resistance.

    Garden Maintenance

    • Pruning: Pruning is minimal. Brunnera will not rebloom after its spring show, so deadheading the spent flower stalks is done purely for tidiness or to prevent self-seeding.
    • Fall/Spring Cleanup: It is best to leave the foliage in place over winter, as it helps to protect the plant's crown. In early spring, just as new growth emerges, you can easily clean up the old, tattered leaves from the previous season.
    • Fertilizing: Brunnera is a light feeder. A top-dressing of compost around the plant in early spring is all the nutrition it needs to thrive.

    Propagation Information

    • By Division: This is the easiest and most reliable method. The best time is in early spring or in the fall. Simply dig up the entire clump, and use a sharp spade or knife to separate it into smaller sections, ensuring each piece has roots and at least one bud (or "eye"). Replant and water well.
    • Self-Seeding: The species Brunnera can self-seed in ideal conditions. Be aware that seedlings from variegated cultivars will often revert to plain green and should be removed to maintain the integrity of the parent clump.

    Landscape Design & Companion Plants

    • Uses: A star performer in woodland gardens, as a groundcover for shady areas, in mass plantings for a dramatic effect, as an edging plant for paths and borders, and in containers for shady patios.
    • Companion Planting Suggestions: The bold, heart-shaped leaves of Brunnera create a stunning contrast with fine-textured plants that share its love for shade.
      • Ferns: The lacy fronds of Japanese Painted Ferns (Athyrium niponicum) are a classic partner.
      • Hostas: Pair silver Brunnera with blue-leaved or dark green Hostas for a beautiful foliage echo and contrast.
      • Hellebores (Lenten Rose): Hellebores bloom just before or with Brunnera, creating a perfect spring succession.
      • Pulmonaria (Lungwort): The spotted foliage and similar blue/pink flowers of Pulmonaria make it a natural companion.
      • Astilbe & Bleeding Hearts (Dicentra): These perennials provide different flower forms and textures that complement Brunnera beautifully.

    Kingdom: Plantae Clade: Tracheophytes Clade: Angiosperms Clade: Eudicots Clade: Asterids Order: Boraginales Family: Boraginaceae Genus: 1 Brunnera Species: Brunnera macrophylla  

    Common names for this plant include Siberian bugloss, great forget-me-not, largeleaf brunnera, and heartleaf. It is native to the Caucasus region but is a popular ornamental plant in gardens worldwide.

    Brunnera macrophylla is a herbaceous perennial with a distinctive appearance. Here is a breakdown of its morphology:

    Overall Form:

    • Clump-forming: It grows in dense clumps, spreading slowly via rhizomes (underground stems).
    • Height: Typically reaches 12-18 inches in height.
    • Spread: Can spread 12-24 inches wide.

    Leaves:

    • Basal: The majority of leaves arise in a rosette at the base of the plant.
    • Shape: Heart-shaped (cordate) or broadly ovate with a pointed tip.
    • Size: Relatively large, reaching up to 6 inches long.
    • Color: Typically dark green, but many cultivars offer striking variegation with silver, white, or cream markings.
    • Texture: Slightly rough or hairy to the touch.

    Flowers:

    • Inflorescence: Small, delicate flowers are borne in loose, airy clusters called cymes.
    • Color: Predominantly sky blue, reminiscent of forget-me-nots, with a small white center.
    • Bloom time: Primarily in spring, but sporadic flowering can occur throughout the growing season.

    Stems:

    • Slender and wiry: Holding the flower clusters above the foliage.
    • Color: Usually green.

    Roots:

    • Rhizomatous: These underground stems allow the plant to spread gradually.

    Fruit:

    • Small nutlets: Develop after flowering but are not particularly showy.

    This combination of features - the heart-shaped leaves, delicate blue flowers, and clumping habit - makes Brunnera macrophylla a desirable and easily recognizable garden plant.

    Brunnera macrophylla, with its charming blue flowers and attractive foliage, is thankfully quite easy to cultivate. Here is a guide to help you grow thriving Brunnera:

    Ideal Conditions:

    • Light: Partial shade to full shade is best. It can tolerate some morning sun, but harsh afternoon sun, especially in hot climates, can scorch the leaves.
    • Soil: Prefers moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter. Clay, loam, or sandy soil is suitable, but good drainage is crucial.
    • Moisture: Keep the soil consistently moist, but not soggy. Water regularly, particularly during dry spells.
    • pH: Tolerates a wide range of soil pH, from acidic to alkaline.

    Planting:

    • Timing: Spring or fall is the ideal time for planting.
    • Spacing: Space plants about 18-24 inches apart to allow for spreading.
    • Depth: Plant the crown (where the stems meet the roots) at the same level as it was in the pot.

    Care:

    • Watering: Consistent moisture is key, especially during the first growing season.
    • Fertilizing: Not a heavy feeder. A light application of balanced fertilizer in spring is usually sufficient.
    • Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch (like shredded bark) to help retain soil moisture and suppress weeds.
    • Dividing: Every few years, in spring or fall, you can divide clumps to maintain vigor and propagate new plants.
    • Pruning: Remove any damaged or faded foliage to keep the plant looking tidy. You can cut back the foliage in late fall or early spring but leaving it over winter can provide some frost protection.
    • Pests and Diseases: Generally, quite resistant, but can be susceptible to slugs, snails, and powdery mildew.

    Cultivars:

    There are many beautiful cultivars of Brunnera macrophylla available, offering variations in leaf color and pattern. Some popular ones include:

    • 'Jack Frost': Silver leaves with green veins.
    • 'Looking Glass': Almost entirely silver leaves.
    • 'Hadspen Cream': Green leaves with creamy-white margins.
    • 'King's Ransom': Silver leaves with dark green veins and red stems.

    With proper care, Brunnera macrophylla will reward you with its lovely foliage and delicate blooms for many years.

    Here is a comprehensive calendar of care for Brunnera macrophylla, covering the key tasks for each season:

    Spring:

    • Early Spring:
      • Gradually remove winter mulch as temperatures warm.
      • Inspect for any winter damage and prune out dead or damaged leaves.
      • Divide large clumps if needed (every 3-4 years) to propagate.
    • Mid-Spring:
      • Apply a light general-purpose fertilizer.
      • Monitor for pests like slugs and snails and take appropriate action.

    Summer:

    • Watering: Keep the soil consistently moist but avoid overwatering. Mulch around the plants to help retain moisture.
    • Deadheading: Remove spent blooms to encourage continued flowering.
    • Monitoring: Watch for powdery mildew and treat if necessary.

    Fall:

    • Late Fall:
      • Cut back any remaining foliage to about 6 inches above the ground.
      • Apply a fresh layer of mulch to protect the crowns during winter.
      • In colder climates, consider covering the plants with additional protection like leaves or burlap.

    Winter:

    • Dormant Period: Brunnera macrophylla goes dormant in winter.
    • Minimal Care: Protect the crowns from harsh frost by maintaining a layer of mulch.
    • Avoid Watering: Reduce watering significantly, as the plant is largely dormant.

    Additional Tips:

    • Deadheading: Regularly remove faded flowers to promote continuous blooming and prolong the overall display.
    • Dividing: Divide clumps in spring or early fall. Dig up the entire clump, carefully separate portions with healthy roots, and replant them.
    • Pests: Monitor for slugs and snails, which can damage the foliage. Handpick them or use organic deterrents.
    • Diseases: Powdery mildew can be a problem in humid conditions. Treat with a fungicide if necessary.

    By following this calendar of care, you can ensure that your Brunnera macrophylla thrives and provides a beautiful display of color and texture in your garden.

    The nuances within Brunnera macrophylla, there is a delightful array of varieties and cultivars that have emerged, mostly focused on variations in leaf color and pattern. Here is a breakdown:

    Species:

    • Brunnera macrophylla: This is the original species, with its characteristic heart-shaped green leaves and true-blue forget-me-not flowers.

    Groups (informal):

    While not official taxonomic groups, gardeners often categorize Brunnera macrophylla cultivars based on their foliage:

    • Silver-Leaved: This is the most popular group, with cultivars exhibiting striking silver or white variegation on their leaves.
    • Variegated: A broader category that includes silver-leaved types, but also those with cream, yellow, or gold markings.
    • Green-Leaved: Cultivars that retain the original green foliage of the species, sometimes with subtle variations in texture or shade.

    Varieties:

    • There are no officially recognized botanical varieties within Brunnera macrophylla. The term "variety" is sometimes used loosely to refer to different cultivars.

    Cultivars (a selection of popular ones):

    • 'Jack Frost': The most famous cultivar, with silvery leaves heavily etched with green veins.
    • 'Looking Glass': Takes the silver effect even further, with leaves that are almost entirely silver, creating a luminous effect.
    • 'Hadspen Cream': Offers a reversed variegation pattern, with creamy-white margins on green leaves.
    • 'King's Ransom': Combines silver leaves with dark green veins and adds red stems for extra interest.
    • 'Alexander's Great': Boasts large, dramatic leaves with silver veining and a wider spread than other cultivars.
    • 'Sea Heart': Notable for its thick, textured leaves with a unique green and white marbling.
    • 'Jack of Diamonds': Features the largest leaves among Brunnera cultivars, with a bold silver and green pattern.
    • 'Dawson's White': Displays creamy-white margins that gradually fade to green as the season progresses.
    • 'Emerald Mist': A newer cultivar with green leaves speckled with silver, creating a misty effect.

    This is just a glimpse into the diverse world of Brunnera macrophylla cultivars. Breeders continue to develop new and exciting variations, offering a wide range of options for gardeners to add this beautiful plant to their shady landscapes.

    Brunnera macrophylla is a fantastic choice for mass planting in shady areas! Its clumping habit, attractive foliage, and delicate blue flowers create a stunning carpet of color and texture. Here is why it works so well and how to do it effectively:  

    Why Brunnera excels in mass plantings:

    • Ground coverage: Spreads gradually to form a dense groundcover, suppressing weeds and creating a lush, filled-in look.
    • Shade tolerance: Thrives in partial to full shade, making it ideal for areas under trees or along shaded borders.
    • Textural interest: The heart-shaped leaves, often with variegation, add visual interest even when not in bloom.
    • Long season appeal: While the main bloom period is spring, the foliage remains attractive throughout the growing season.
    • Low maintenance: Once established, it requires minimal care, making it a great choice for large-scale plantings.

    Tips for successful mass planting:

    • Spacing: Space plants about 18-24 inches apart. This allows them to fill in nicely without overcrowding.
    • Soil preparation: Amend the soil with organic matter to improve drainage and fertility.
    • Planting depth: Plant the crowns at the same level as they were in their pots.
    • Watering: Water thoroughly after planting and keep the soil consistently moist, especially during the first year.
    • Mulching: Apply a layer of organic mulch to retain moisture and suppress weeds.
    • Cultivar selection: Consider the mature size and spread of different cultivars. Some, like 'Alexander's Great', have a larger spread and may need more space.
    • Color combinations: Combine different cultivars with varying leaf colors for a dynamic display. For example, mix 'Jack Frost' with 'Hadspen Cream' or 'Looking Glass' for a striking contrast.

    Design ideas:

    • Woodland gardens: Create a naturalistic look by planting Brunnera alongside ferns, hostas, and other shade-loving perennials.
    • Border edges: Use Brunnera to soften the edges of pathways or garden beds.
    • Underplanting: Plant Brunnera beneath deciduous trees to add color and interest to the understory.
    • Slope stabilization: Its spreading habit can help to stabilize slopes and prevent erosion.

    With a little planning and care, a mass planting of Brunnera macrophylla can transform a shady area into a breathtaking tapestry of foliage and flowers.

    Brunnera FAQ

    Common Names: Brunnera, False Forget-Me Not, Siberian Bugloss

    Botanical Name: Brunnera macrophylla

    Brunnera macrophylla, commonly known as Siberian bugloss, is a charming perennial that thrives in shady gardens. Its heart-shaped leaves and clusters of delicate blue flowers bring a touch of elegance and color to areas where many other plants struggle.

    • Attractive Foliage: Large, heart-shaped leaves, often with striking variegation, provide year-round interest.
    • Delicate Blooms: Small, blue forget-me-not-like flowers grace the plant in spring, adding a welcome touch of color to shady spots.
    • Shade Tolerance: Thrives in partial to full shade, making it perfect for woodland gardens, shady borders, and areas beneath trees.
    • Low Maintenance: Once established, Brunnera requires minimal care. It is generally pest and disease resistant.
    • Spreading Habit: Forms a slowly expanding clump, making it an excellent ground cover option for shady areas.
    • Deer and Rabbit Resistant: The rough texture of the leaves deters these common garden pests.

    Ideal Growing Conditions

    • Light: Part shade to shade, with protection from hot afternoon sun.
    • Soil: Moist, well-drained soil rich in organic matter.
    • Moisture: Prefers consistently moist soil but tolerates some dryness once established.
    • Hardiness: Hardy in USDA zones 3-8.

    Landscaping Uses

    • Shade Gardens: Brunnera is a staple in shade gardens, providing color and texture where other plants may struggle.
    • Woodland Gardens: Its natural look blends beautifully into woodland settings.
    • Borders: Use it as an edging plant or to fill in gaps in shady borders.
    • Ground Cover: Plant in masses to create a lush ground cover under trees or shrubs.
    • Containers: Can be grown in containers for patios or balconies.

    Cultivars to Consider

    • 'Jack Frost': Features stunning silvery-white leaves with prominent green veins.
    • 'Looking Glass': Displays large, silver leaves with a reflective sheen.
    • 'Hadspen Cream': Offers variegated leaves with creamy yellow margins.

    Brunnera macrophylla is a versatile and beautiful perennial that adds charm and elegance to any shady garden. Its low-maintenance nature and deer resistance make it a practical and rewarding choice for gardeners of all levels.

    This exceptional cultivar of Siberian bugloss, also known as False Forget-Me-Not or Heartleaf Brunnera, captivates with its shimmering foliage that illuminates any shady corner of the landscape. While primarily grown for its foliage, the delicate blue flowers also offer a delightful charm.

    A Hardy and Versatile Perennial

    Hardy in zones 3 to 8, 'Jack Frost' forms a graceful, rounded mound reaching 1½ feet in height and width. Its clumps gradually spread through creeping rhizomes, eventually creating a dense ground cover. The heart-shaped leaves, rough-textured and slightly hairy, boast a unique frosted, silvery-white overlay contrasting beautifully with the dark green veins and margins. This striking pattern remains vibrant throughout the growing season, provided the plant receives adequate moisture.

    Springtime Blooms and Design Possibilities

    In mid-spring, 'Jack Frost' delights with hundreds of tiny, light blue flowers with yellow centers, reminiscent of forget-me-nots. These blooms, borne in airy sprays above the foliage, last for 3-4 weeks, adding a touch of ethereal beauty to the landscape.

    This versatile perennial shines in various settings, from woodland gardens to formal beds, injecting dramatic texture into shady spots. It pairs beautifully with the fern Athyrium niponicum var. pictum 'Silver Falls' or other Japanese painted ferns, creating a captivating contrast of texture and leaf shape. It also harmonizes with astilbes, bleeding heart, Heucheras, and thrives near ponds or streams. Combining 'Jack Frost' with late-spring bulbs like daffodils results in a breathtaking spring spectacle. Its potential extends to ground covers, edging shady paths, or gracing borders.

    Thriving in Shade and Ease of Care

    'Jack Frost' flourishes in part shade, ideally with morning sun and afternoon shade, planted in moist, well-drained soil. While it prefers organic-rich soils, it also performs well in clay. Notably, it tolerates more sun than many other variegated cultivars.

    This low-maintenance perennial requires minimal care beyond supplemental watering during dry spells. Mulching helps maintain soil moisture and may even eliminate the need for additional watering. 'Jack Frost' exhibits greater heat tolerance compared to other Brunnera varieties. Although not necessary, removing spent flower stalks enhances its appearance.

    Maintenance and Propagation

    Individual older leaves can be trimmed during the growing season to maintain the clump's visual appeal. It is best to remove old foliage in spring when new leaves emerge, rather than in the fall, as the leaves offer winter protection. Winter mulch is recommended but often unnecessary.

    As a patented cultivar, unlicensed propagation for sale is prohibited. However, the fibrous-rooted plants can be divided in spring or fall. It is important to note that 'Jack Frost' will not grow true from seed.

    Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost' is a truly exceptional perennial, deserving of its recognition as the Perennial Plant of the Year. Its captivating foliage, delicate blooms, and adaptability to shade make it a must-have for any garden seeking year-round beauty and effortless elegance.

    Brunnera is a genus of flowering plants in the family Boraginaceae. They are rhizomatous perennials, native to the woodlands of Eastern Europe and Northwest Asia. They have hairy leaves and sprays of blue flowers in spring. Numerous cultivars are available, which are valued as groundcover in dappled shade. The best-known species is Brunnera macrophylla, known as Siberian bugloss.

    Brunneras are shade-loving plants that prefer moist, well-drained soil. They are relatively low-maintenance and deer-resistant. They can be propagated by division or seed.

    Here are some of the different types of Brunnera:

    • Brunnera macrophylla: This is the most common type of Brunnera. It has large, heart-shaped leaves that are green or variegated with silver. The flowers are blue and bloom in early to mid-spring.
    • Brunnera macrophylla 'Jack Frost': This cultivar has silver leaves with green veins. The flowers are blue and bloom in early to mid-spring.
    • Brunnera macrophylla 'Diane': This cultivar has green leaves with a yellow margin. The flowers are blue and bloom in early to mid-spring.
    • Brunnera macrophylla 'Alexander's Great': This cultivar has large, heart-shaped leaves that are green with a wide silver margin. The flowers are blue and bloom in early to mid-spring.
    • Brunneras are a great choice for shade gardens. They are easy to care for and provide beautiful color and interest throughout the year.

    Planting Brunnera is a fairly straightforward process, but there are a few key things to keep in mind for success:

    Choosing the right spot:

    • Light: Brunnera thrives in shady or partially shaded areas. Avoid planting in full sun, especially hot afternoon sun, as it can scorch the leaves.
    • Soil: They prefer moist, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. If your soil is heavy clay, amend it with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.
    • Spacing: Plant Brunnera 12-24 inches apart, depending on the variety and desired mature size.

    Planting steps:

    • Prepare the planting site: Clear the area of weeds and debris. If your soil is poor, mix in compost or aged manure to improve drainage and fertility.
    • Dig a hole: Dig a hole slightly wider and deeper than the root ball of your Brunnera plant.
    • Place the plant: Gently remove the plant from its container and loosen any tightly bound roots. Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the top of the root ball is level with the surrounding soil.
    • Backfill and water: Fill the hole with soil and tamp it down gently to remove air pockets. Water the plant thoroughly.
    • Mulch (optional): Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.

    Additional tips:

    • Water your Brunnera regularly, especially during the first few weeks after planting and during dry spells.
    • Deadhead spent flower stalks to encourage more blooms and prevent unwanted self-seeding.
    • Cut back any brown or damaged leaves throughout the season.
    • You can divide established Brunnera clumps every 3-4 years in early spring or fall to rejuvenate the plants and create more.

    By following these simple steps, you can successfully plant Brunnera and enjoy its beautiful foliage and charming blooms for years to come.

    Brunnera, particularly Brunnera macrophylla, boasts a delightful variety of cultivars, each offering unique characteristics in terms of foliage color, size, and even flower hue. Here is a glimpse into some popular varieties:

    Leaf Color Variations:

    • Silver Stars: As the name suggests, this cultivar shines with shimmering silver leaves, boasting subtle green veining for contrast.
    • Jack Frost: A classic choice, Jack Frost features captivating silvery leaves with prominent green veins, creating a frosty, wintery appeal.
    • Looking Glass: True to its name, Looking Glass lives up to its reflective name with its incredibly silver leaves, adding a touch of elegance to the shade garden.
    • Hadspen Cream: This cultivar flaunts large, chartreuse-green leaves edged with creamy white, making it a standout amongst its greener counterparts.
    • Diane Gold: Vibrant chartreuse foliage defines Diane Gold, offering a sunny pop of color amidst the usual greens and silvers.

    Leaf Pattern Variations:

    • Alexander's Great: This majestic cultivar boasts enormous, heart-shaped leaves with a wide silver margin, making it a true showstopper.
    • Sea Heart: If you seek a dynamic display, Sea Heart offers leaves that start olive green with silver tracery, maturing to lavender-purple, and blooming with white and blue flowers that transition to lavender-purple.
    • Variegata: This classic cultivar presents green leaves adorned with irregular creamy-white variegation, adding a touch of whimsy to the shade.
    • Herzblut: For a touch of drama, Herzblut features heart-shaped leaves with dark green centers and contrasting burgundy-red margins.

    Flower Color Variations:

    • Dawson's White: While most Brunnera boast blue flowers, Dawson's White is a unique exception, displaying pristine white blooms that complement its silver foliage beautifully.
    • Silver Heart: This cultivar offers classic blue flowers that perfectly complement its silvery leaves, creating a timeless and elegant combination.

    Remember, these are just a few examples, and the world of Brunnera cultivars is vast and ever-expanding. When choosing yours, consider the desired leaf color, pattern, size, and even flower hue to find the perfect fit for your garden's aesthetic and your personal preferences.

    Caring for Brunnera in your garden is quite easy, as they are generally low-maintenance plants. Here is a quick guide to keep your Brunnera thriving:

    Lighting:

    Brunnera prefers shady or partially shaded areas. Avoid planting in full sun, especially hot afternoon sun, which can scorch the leaves.

    Watering:

    Water your Brunnera regularly, especially during the first few weeks after planting and during dry spells. Aim to keep the soil evenly moist but avoid overwatering.

    As the plant matures, it becomes more drought-tolerant and may not require frequent watering except during extended dry periods.

    Soil:

    They prefer moist, well-draining soil rich in organic matter. If your soil is heavy clay, amend it with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.

    Mulching:

    Applying a layer of mulch around the base of the plant helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Use organic mulch like shredded bark or compost.

    Feeding:

    Brunnera generally does not require heavy feeding. However, you can provide a light feeding of balanced fertilizer in early spring to encourage healthy growth.

    Deadheading:

    Deadhead spent flower stalks to encourage more blooms and prevent unwanted self-seeding. Simply snip off the faded flowers with sharp pruners.

    Pruning:

    Cut back any brown or damaged leaves throughout the season to maintain the plant's appearance.

    In late fall or early spring, you can also cut back the entire plant to ground level. This will encourage new growth in the spring.

    Dividing:

    You can divide established Brunnera clumps every 3-4 years in early spring or fall to rejuvenate the plants and create more. Simply dig up the clump, carefully separate the divisions, and replant them in new locations.

    Pests and Diseases:

    Brunnera is generally resistant to most pests and diseases. However, they can be susceptible to slugs and snails, especially in damp conditions. You can handpick these pests or use organic control methods like beer traps or diatomaceous earth.

    By following these simple care tips, you can ensure your Brunnera thrives and adds its unique charm to your garden for many years to come.

    Brunnera plants do attract pollinators! They offer several features that make them appealing to various pollinators, including:

    Colorful flowers: Brunnera typically produces clusters of small, blue flowers in spring or early summer. While the individual blooms might be small, their clustered nature creates a visually attractive display that catches the attention of pollinators.

    Nectar and pollen: The flowers of Brunnera contain nectar and pollen, which are valuable food sources for pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. The readily available nectar provides them with energy, while the pollen serves as a source of protein and fat for their young.

    Open flower structure: The trumpet-shaped or bell-shaped flowers of Brunnera have an open structure, making it easy for pollinators to access the nectar and pollen inside. This accessibility further enhances their attractiveness to these beneficial insects.

    Bloom time: Brunnera blooms in spring or early summer, coinciding with the peak activity period of many pollinators. This timing ensures there is a readily available food source when pollinators are most active and searching for sustenance.

    Plant fragrance: While not as strongly scented as some other pollinator-attracting plants, some Brunnera cultivars, like 'Jack Frost', emit a subtle, sweet fragrance that can further entice pollinators.

    Habitat for beneficial insects: The foliage of Brunnera provides shelter and habitat for beneficial insects like ladybugs and lacewings, which can help control pest populations in your garden. These beneficial insects often become prey for pollinators, creating an additional food source and further strengthening the connection between Brunnera and pollinator populations.

    Therefore, including Brunnera in your garden can not only add beautiful foliage and blooms, but also contribute to a healthy and vibrant ecosystem by attracting and supporting valuable pollinators.

    Brunnera are generally pretty trouble-free plants, but there are a few pests and diseases that can occasionally cause problems.

    • Slugs and snails: These slimy creatures love to munch on the tender leaves of Brunnera. You can handpick them off at night or set traps to catch them. There are also several commercial slug and snail baits available.
    • Aphids: These tiny sap-sucking insects can weaken Brunnera plants and stunt their growth. If you see aphids on your plants, you can blast them off with a strong jet of water or treat them with insecticidal soap.
    • Root rot: This fungal disease can cause the roots of Brunnera plants to rot, eventually killing the plant. Root rot is most likely to occur in poorly drained soil. If you think your Brunnera has root rot, you will need to dig it up and repot it in fresh, well-draining soil.
    • Botrytis: This fungal disease can cause Brunnera leaves to develop brown spots and wilt. Botrytis is most likely to occur in cool, damp conditions. If you see signs of Botrytis, remove the affected leaves, and improve air circulation around your plants.
    • Fusarium: This fungal disease can cause Brunnera stems to wilt and turn brown. Fusarium is most likely to occur in hot, humid conditions. If you see signs of Fusarium, remove the affected stems and water your plants less frequently.
    • Bacterial leaf spot: This bacterial disease can cause Brunnera leaves to develop small, brown spots. Bacterial leaf spot is most likely to occur in hot, humid conditions. If you see signs of bacterial leaf spot, remove the affected leaves and water your plants less frequently.

    By following these tips, you can help keep your Brunnera plants healthy and pest-free.

    Yes, you absolutely can use Brunnera in floral arrangements! In fact, it is a popular choice for florists and home gardeners alike. Here is why:

    • Beautiful foliage: Brunnera has stunning foliage that comes in a variety of colors, from silver and green to chartreuse and deep purple. The leaves are also heart-shaped, which adds a touch of whimsy to arrangements.
    • Long-lasting flowers: The delicate blue flowers of Brunnera may not be the star of the show, but they are definitely charming and long-lasting. They can add a touch of elegance and softness to arrangements.
    • Versatility: Brunnera can be used in a variety of floral arrangements, from rustic to modern. It pairs well with a wide range of other flowers, including roses, lilies, hydrangeas, and tulips.

    Here are some tips for using Brunnera in floral arrangements:

    • Cut the stems early in the morning when the flowers are at their peak.
    • Remove any lower leaves that will be submerged in water.
    • Condition the stems in lukewarm water for a few hours before using them.
    • Brunnera stems can be a bit soft, so be careful not to break them when arranging them.
    • Use Brunnera as a filler flower or accent.

    With its beautiful foliage and long-lasting flowers, Brunnera is a great addition to any floral arrangement.

    Brunnera's invasiveness depends on several factors, including the specific variety, your local climate, and your gardening practices. While not generally considered highly invasive, it is essential to be aware of its potential to spread under certain conditions.

    Why Brunnera might be considered invasive:

    • Spreads through rhizomes: Brunnera spreads underground through rhizomes, which are root-like stems. In ideal conditions with ample moisture and loose soil, these rhizomes can travel and form new plants, potentially encroaching on neighboring plants.
    • Self-seeds in some regions: In warmer climates, certain Brunnera varieties can produce viable seeds that germinate and spread the plant further.

    Why Brunnera is often seen as non-invasive:

    • Relatively slow spread: The rate of Brunnera's spread through rhizomes is generally slow and manageable. It is unlikely to become a nuisance in most gardens.
    • Does not aggressively compete: Unlike some truly invasive plants, Brunnera does not typically outcompete and harm native vegetation.
    • Easy to control: With proper monitoring and occasional division, you can easily keep Brunnera contained within your desired area.

    Factors to consider:

    • Variety: Some Brunnera varieties, like 'Jack Frost' and 'Diane's Gold,' are known to be more aggressive spreaders than others, like 'Alexander's Great.'
    • Climate: Warmer climates with ample moisture can encourage faster spread through rhizomes and self-seeding.
    • Gardening practices: Planting Brunnera in well-drained soil and dividing it every few years can help prevent excessive spread.

    In conclusion:

    • Brunnera generally is not a major invasive concern.
    • Be mindful of its spreading potential, especially in warmer climates or with aggressive varieties.
    • Proper planting and care can easily keep Brunnera under control.
    • If you are concerned about invasiveness, opt for less aggressive varieties, and monitor their growth.

    By understanding these factors and taking appropriate measures, you can enjoy the beauty of Brunnera in your garden without worrying about it becoming a problem.

    The best time to divide Brunnera plants depends on your climate and personal preference, but there are two main options:

    Early Spring (before new growth emerges):

    • Pros: Cool soil temperatures and spring rains provide ideal conditions for root establishment, leading to faster recovery and better growth throughout the season.
    • Cons: You might accidentally damage emerging shoots if they have not fully emerged yet.

    Early Fall (after flowering and before the ground freezes):

    • Pros: Plants have had a full season to grow and store energy, leading to better resilience during transplanting. Cooler temperatures and fall rains also aid in establishment.
    • Cons: Plants may take longer to establish themselves before winter dormancy, especially in colder climates.

    Ultimately, the best time for you depends on your specific situation:

    • In mild climates: Either spring or fall is suitable. Choose spring if you prioritize faster initial growth or fall if you prefer established plants before winter.
    • In colder climates: Fall is generally the safer option, as plants have more time to establish before the harsh winter arrives.
    • For large clumps: Dividing in fall is often recommended, as the cooler temperatures and moist soil make it easier for larger sections to recover.

    Here are some additional tips for dividing Brunnera:

    • Water the plant thoroughly a few days before dividing.
    • Use a sharp spade or fork to carefully lift the entire clump.
    • Gently tease the clump apart into smaller sections, each with a good number of roots and healthy crowns.
    • Remove any diseased or damaged roots.
    • Replant the divisions in well-drained soil, spacing them according to their mature size.
    • Water the newly planted divisions well and keep them moist until they are established.

    By following these tips, you can successfully divide your Brunnera plants and enjoy their beautiful foliage and flowers for many years to come.