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Pachysandra (pak-iss-sand-ruh), spurge; Buxaceae Family. Evergreen or deciduous, pachysandra is a low growing ground covers, especially useful in shady locations where grass does poorly. Once established, pachysandra will make a thick durable ground cover under trees and on slopes. Plant in ordinary soil, but it needs more humus where summers are hot. The short spikes flowers, blooming in May and June, are greenish white and inconspicuous. White berries follow in late August and September.

Pachysandra terminalis (ter-min-nay-liss), Japanese Spurge. A fine ground cover, Pachysandra terminalis is an evergreen plant growing 6 to 12 inches high, with bright green, glossy, abundant leaves. Short sprays of small white flowers begin in late May and continue for two or three weeks.

Prefers a moist, well-drained, acidic, rich soil, but is tolerant of periodically dry soils, once established. Excellent performer in partial shade, full shade, or very deep shade, and will tolerate some sun in cooler climates.

Use pachysandra as a groundcover under shrubs or trees, as a border plant, or in mass plantings, grows in the shade even where grass does not grow. Lush foliage is beautiful year-round; but it is intolerant of foot traffic. Plant 6 inches to 12 inches apart and incorporate light mulch. Forms a solid mass as it slowly spreads by underground rhizomes. Prune to encourage new growth.

PLANTING: Space 6 to 12 inches apart. Grow in soils with a pH range of 5.0 to 7.0. Plant in a moist, well-drained soil in semi-shade or shade. MAINTENANCE: Never allow soil to get excessively dry; otherwise, they require very little maintenance.

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' (2.5 inch pot)

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Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' (bare root plant)

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Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (3.5 inch pot)

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Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (2.5 inch pot)

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Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (bare root plant)

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Pachysandra terminalis 'Silver Edge' (bare root plant)

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Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' (2.5 inch pot)

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' (2.5-inch pot)Common Name: Japanese Spurge, glossy pachysandra Height: 8-12 Inches Hardiness Zone: 4-9 Shade Tolerates part sun in Northern Zones Evergreen ground cover Spreads by rhizomes Dark green glossy foliage ...

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Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' (bare root plant)

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Japanese Spurge, glossy pachysandra Height: 8-12 Inches Hardiness Zone: 4-9 Shade Tolerates part sun in Northern Zones Evergreen ground cover Spreads by rhizomes Dark green glossy foliage...

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Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (3.5 inch pot)

Pachysandra terminalis (3.5-inch pot)Common Name: Japanese Spurge, carpet bugle, Japanese groundcover Height: 8-10 Inches Hardiness Zone: 4-9 Shade Tolerates part sun in Northern Zones Evergreen ground cover Spreads by rhizomes Pachysandra terminalis,...

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Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (2.5 inch pot)

Pachysandra terminalis (2.5-inch pot)Common Name: Japanese Spurge, carpet bugle, Japanese groundcover Height: 8-10 Inches Hardiness Zone: 4-9 Shade Tolerates part sun in Northern Zones Evergreen ground cover Spreads by rhizomes Pachysandra terminalis,...

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Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (bare root plant)

Pachysandra terminalis Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Japanese Spurge, carpet bugle, Japanese groundcover Height: 8-10 InchesHardiness Zone: 4-9ShadeTolerates part sun in Northern ZonesEvergreen ground coverSpreads by rhizomes Pachysandra terminalis,...

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Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Silver Edge' (bare root plant)

Pachysandra terminalis 'Silver Edge' Bare Root PlantsCommon Name: Silver Edge Pachysandra Height: 6-8 Inches Hardiness Zone: 4-9 Shade Tolerates part sun in Northern Zones Evergreen ground cover Spreads by rhizomes Pachysandra terminalis 'Silver Edge'...

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What Is Pachysandra?

Pachysandra is a genus of low-growing, evergreen shrubs or perennials that are popular for use as groundcover, particularly in shady areas. They have several things going for them:

Adaptable: Pachysandra tolerates a wide range of conditions, including shade, dry soil, and even poor soil. This makes them a good choice for challenging areas of your landscape.

Low maintenance: Once established, pachysandra requires minimal care. They spread relatively slowly, requiring division every few years, and do not need much in the way of fertilizer or watering.

Attractive: Pachysandra has glossy, dark green leaves that provide year-round interest. Some varieties even have variegated foliage for an extra touch of beauty.

However, there are also some things to keep in mind about pachysandra:

Can be invasive: The most common variety, Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), can be invasive in some areas. It readily spreads by runners and can crowd out native plants.

Not a showstopper: While attractive, pachysandra blooms are small and inconspicuous. You will not be planting it for its flowers.

Limited diversity: While there are a few different varieties of pachysandra available, the selection is not as vast as some other groundcover plants.

Overall, pachysandra is a versatile and easy-care groundcover that is a good choice for many landscapes. However, it is important to be aware of its potential invasiveness, especially if you live in an area where it is not native.

Additional things about pachysandra:

Types of pachysandra: There are five main species of pachysandra, but Japanese pachysandra is the most commonly used in landscaping. Other varieties include Allegheny spurge (Pachysandra procumbens), which is native to North America, and variegated pachysandra, which has leaves with white or cream edges.

Planting and care: Pachysandra is easy to plant and care for. They can be planted in spring or fall, and they prefer well-drained soil. Once established, they are drought-tolerant and require little to no watering.

Uses for pachysandra: Pachysandra is most commonly used as a groundcover in shady areas. It can also be used under trees, along walkways, or in woodland gardens.

How Do I Plant Pachysandra?

Planting pachysandra is a fairly straightforward process, but there are a few key steps to ensure your groundcover thrives:

1. Choose your location:

Light: Pachysandra prefers shade or partial shade. Avoid planting in full sun, as it can scorch the leaves.

Soil: Well-drained soil is crucial. If your soil is clay-heavy, amend it with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.

Spacing: Consider the desired coverage rate. Space plants 6-12 inches apart for quicker coverage or 12-18 inches for slower spread.

2. Timing:

Ideal planting time: Spring (after the last frost) or fall (before the first frost) are optimal. However, container-grown pachysandra can be planted throughout the season, except during extreme heat or cold.

3. Planting procedure:

Prepare the soil: Loosen the soil to a depth of 4-6 inches and remove any weeds or debris.

Bare-root plants: For best value, consider bare-root plants. Separate the stems, keeping 4-6 inches of stem per plant.

Container-grown plants: Gently remove the plant from the pot and loosen the roots slightly.

Dig holes: Dig holes slightly larger than the root ball or spread of the roots.

Planting: Place the pachysandra in the hole and spread the roots out. Backfill the hole with soil and press down firmly to eliminate air pockets.

Watering: Water generously to settle the soil and keep the plants well-hydrated, especially during the first few weeks of establishment.

Additional tips:

Mulch around your pachysandra with a thin layer of wood chips or shredded bark to help retain moisture and suppress weeds.

Water regularly, especially during hot, dry periods, until the plants are established.

Established pachysandra needs minimal fertilization. A light application of slow-release fertilizer in spring can be beneficial.

Prune overgrown pachysandra in late spring or early summer. Simply cut back the stems with sharp shears to maintain the desired size and shape.

With proper care, your pachysandra will thrive and provide you with a low-maintenance, evergreen groundcover for years to come.

What Are The Different Varieties Of Pachysandra?

Pachysandra offers a surprising variety within its small genus, each with unique characteristics to enhance your landscape. Here are some of the most popular options:

By Species:

Japanese Pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis): The most common and widely available, known for its glossy, deep green leaves and dense groundcover. Can be invasive in some areas.

Allegheny Pachysandra (Pachysandra procumbens): Native to North America, this slower-spreading variety tolerates heat and sun better than its Japanese counterpart. Ideal for dry shade areas.

Chinese Pachysandra (Pachysandra axillaris): A delicate species with smaller leaves and cascading stems, suitable for rock gardens or edging borders.

By Cultivar:

'Green Sheen': Features exceptionally glossy, jade-green foliage, adding a vibrant touch to shady areas.

'Silver Edge' (Variegated): Boasts creamy white margins on its leaves, providing a bright contrast and visual interest. Grows slower than the species.

'Cutleaf': Distinctive deeply incised leaves create a lacy, fine-textured appearance, perfect for adding a delicate touch to your garden.

'Green Carpet': Offers a compact habit and dark green foliage, ideal for smaller spaces or edging pathways.

Choosing the right variety:

Consider your specific needs and preferences when selecting your pachysandra:

Growth rate and spread: Do you need fast coverage or a slower, more controlled spread?

Shade tolerance: Does your planting area receive full shade, partial shade, or even some sun?

Foliage color and texture: Do you prefer classic green, variegated, or delicate foliage?

Invasiveness: Be mindful of potential invasiveness, especially with Japanese pachysandra in certain regions.

With these factors in mind, you can choose the perfect pachysandra variety to add beauty and functionality to your shady landscapes.

How Do I Care For Pachysandra In My Garden?

Pachysandra is a fantastic low-maintenance groundcover, but understanding its needs will ensure it thrives in your garden. Here is a breakdown of caring for your furry green friend:

Watering:

Newly planted: Water regularly, especially during hot or dry periods, until roots are established.

Established: Pachysandra is surprisingly drought tolerant. Water deeply when the top 2-3 inches of soil dry out, especially during extended dry spells.

Sunlight:

Pachysandra thrives in shade or partial shade. Avoid planting in full sun, as it can scorch the leaves.

Morning sun can be tolerated, but afternoon sun is best avoided.

Soil:

Prefers well-drained soil. Clay-heavy soil needs amending with compost or other organic matter for good drainage.

pH: Adaptable to a wide range (4.5 to 7.5), but slightly acidic soil (5.5-6.5) is ideal.

Mulching:

Apply a thin layer of wood chips or shredded bark around your pachysandra. This helps retain moisture, suppress weeds, and keep the soil cool.

Fertilizing:

Established pachysandra requires minimal fertilizing. A light application of slow-release fertilizer in spring can be beneficial, but not strictly necessary.

Pruning:

Overgrown pachysandra can be pruned in late spring or early summer. Simply cut back the stems with sharp shears to maintain the desired size and shape.

Pests and diseases:

Pachysandra is surprisingly resistant to pests and diseases. Look out for leaf blight (fungal disease) in overly damp conditions. Fungicide can be applied if needed.

Additional tips:

Divide larger patches of pachysandra every few years to prevent overcrowding.

Remove fallen leaves in autumn to improve air circulation and prevent fungal diseases.

Enjoy the low-maintenance beauty of your pachysandra groundcover!

Remember, the key to pachysandra care is finding the right balance for your specific planting area. Give it the basic needs of shade, well-drained soil, and occasional watering, and it will reward you with a lush, evergreen carpet for years to come.

Do Pachysandra Plants Attract Pollinators?

Pachysandra's attractiveness to pollinators is a bit of a nuanced topic. While they are not considered major pollinator magnets, the answer depends on some key factors:

Species and Variety:

Japanese Pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis): This common variety has small, inconspicuous white flowers that bloom in early spring. While not particularly showy or attractive to most pollinators, it can offer early-season pollen and nectar to some native bees and flies searching for food sources.

Allegheny Pachysandra (Pachysandra procumbens): This native North American species blooms earlier, even before Japanese pachysandra, offering a valuable early food source for pollinators emerging from hibernation. While its flowers are still small, they can be more attractive to native bees compared to the Japanese variety.

Flowering characteristics:

Inconspicuousness: The small, white flowers of pachysandra lack vibrant colors or strong scents, making them less noticeable to some pollinators like butterflies and hummingbirds.

Short bloom time: The blooming period of pachysandra is relatively short, lasting only a few weeks in early spring. This limits its overall impact on attracting diverse pollinators.

Overall impact:

While pachysandra may not be a powerhouse for attracting pollinators, its early blooms can be particularly valuable in supporting native bees and flies emerging from dormancy before other flowers are available.

Compared to other flowering groundcovers or native plants, pachysandra's contribution to pollinator populations is generally considered minor.

Here are some additional factors to consider:

Double-flowered cultivars: These have even smaller and less nectar-producing flowers, further limiting their appeal to pollinators.

Planting location: If pachysandra is planted in a shady spot with little other flowering competition, it may be more likely to be visited by pollinators in early spring.

Complementary plantings: Combining pachysandra with other early-blooming, pollinator-friendly plants like crocuses, hellebores, or native shrubs can offer a more diverse and attractive food source for a wider range of pollinators.

In conclusion, while pachysandra is not a champion for attracting pollinators, its early blooms can offer some support for native bees and flies. Considering its overall low-maintenance nature and other benefits, it can still be a valuable addition to your garden even if pollinator attraction is not your primary goal.

If you are interested in creating a garden that specifically attracts pollinators, I recommend researching plants native to your region that offer longer bloom times, diverse flower shapes, and stronger scents.

Are There Any Common Pests Or Diseases That Affect Pachysandra?

While pachysandra is generally resilient and resistant to most pests and diseases, there are a few common issues to be aware of:

Pests:

Two-spotted spider mites: These tiny pests can sap the leaves, causing them to yellow and drop. Look for webbing on the undersides of leaves.

Slugs and snails: These slimy creatures can chew on leaves, particularly in damp conditions.

Euonymus scale: This armored scale insect can appear as brown bumps on the stems and leaves.

Diseases:

Volutella blight: This fungal disease is the most common and destructive issue for pachysandra. It causes brown spots and wilting on leaves and stems.

Phyllosticta leaf spot: This fungal disease causes small, round, brown spots on the leaves.

Gloeosporium leaf spot: Similar to Phyllosticta, this fungal disease causes brown spots on leaves, but with darker margins.

Preventing issues:

Planting in well-drained soil: Proper drainage helps prevent fungal diseases.

Providing adequate air circulation: Avoid overcrowding plants to promote good air flow.

Removing fallen leaves: Clean up debris in the fall to reduce fungal disease overwintering.

Watering at the base: Avoid wetting the leaves to discourage fungal growth.

Managing problems:

Pests: Insecticidal soap spray or neem oil can be used to control spider mites. Handpicking or traps can be effective for slugs and snails. Euonymus scale can be controlled with horticultural oil sprays.

Diseases: Fungicides can be used to treat fungal diseases, but prevention is key. If your pachysandra is severely affected, it may be necessary to remove and dispose of infected plants.

Remember: It is always best to identify the specific pest or disease before applying any treatments. Consult a local nursery or extension service for professional advice if needed.

With proper care and vigilance, you can enjoy your pachysandra groundcover for many years to come!

Can I Use Pachysandra In Floral Arrangements?

Using pachysandra in floral arrangements is a bit unconventional, but it can be an interesting and unexpected element in the right context. Here is what you need to consider:

Pros:

Freshness and texture: Pachysandra's glossy green leaves provide a vibrant, cool-toned element that can add freshness and textural contrast to arrangements.

Longevity: The thick, leathery leaves last for a surprisingly long time, sometimes up to weeks, offering lasting vibrancy in your arrangement.

Uniqueness: Pachysandra is not a typical floral material, so using it can add a distinctive and unexpected touch to your design.

Cons:

Limited visual interest: Pachysandra lacks the showy flowers or dramatic shapes of most floral materials. Its appeal lies in its subtle texture and color.

Formal tone: The clean lines and monochromatic nature of pachysandra can lend a formal or minimalist feel to an arrangement.

Availability: Finding pachysandra readily available for purchasing, especially outside of gardening seasons, might be challenging.

Tips for using pachysandra in arrangements:

Combine it with bold elements: Pair pachysandra with flowers or foliage with striking colors, shapes, or textures to create visual interest. Think roses, lilies, orchids, or ferns for contrast.

Utilize its textural qualities: Use pachysandra branches as filler throughout the arrangement or create a base layer of green against which other elements can stand out.

Keep it simple: Less is often more with pachysandra. Focus on clean lines and minimalist compositions to highlight its unique beauty.

Seasonality: Pachysandra works best in arrangements with a cool or wintery feel. Consider it for holiday decor or autumnal themes.

Ultimately, whether or not you use pachysandra in your floral arrangements depends on your personal style and the aesthetic you are aiming for. Do not be afraid to experiment and have fun with it!

I hope this information helps you decide if pachysandra is the right addition to your next floral creation. Remember, there are no fixed rules in flower arranging, so feel free to get creative and express your unique vision!

Is Pachysandra Invasive?

The short answer is that yes, pachysandra can be invasive in some areas. The most common type, Japanese pachysandra (Pachysandra terminalis), is notorious for its aggressive spreading nature.

Here is a breakdown of why it can be considered invasive:

Spreading Habits:

Rhizomes: Pachysandra spreads primarily through underground rhizomes that can travel long distances and readily sprout new plants.

Dense mats: These rhizomes create dense mats that can crowd out native vegetation, preventing them from accessing sunlight, water, and nutrients.

Lack of natural predators: In its non-native habitats, pachysandra lacks natural predators to keep its populations in check.

Impact on Environment:

Loss of biodiversity: By displacing native plants, pachysandra can reduce the diversity of plant life in an ecosystem.

Invasive in some areas: The invasiveness of pachysandra varies depending on the region. It is considered a serious threat in parts of the Northeastern United States, Midwest, and Pacific Northwest.

Less problematic in other areas: In its native habitat in eastern Asia and in warmer climates, pachysandra tends to be less aggressive and does not pose a significant threat to native ecosystems.

Alternatives:

Native groundcovers: Consider using native groundcovers that offer similar shade tolerance and low-maintenance benefits without the risk of invasiveness. Examples include wild ginger, coral bells, and Virginia creeper.

Non-invasive cultivars: Some cultivars of pachysandra, like 'Green Sheen' and 'Silver Edge,' are considered less invasive. However, it is still crucial to monitor their spread and ensure they do not escape into natural areas.

Before planting pachysandra:

Research its invasiveness in your region. Consulting local resources like native plant societies or conservation organizations can provide valuable information.

When Is The Best Time To Divide Pachysandra Plants?

The best time to divide pachysandra plants depends on your climate and personal preference, but there are two main options:

Early spring (after the last frost):

Pros:

The soil is usually moist and workable from winter rains, making digging easier.

Cooler temperatures are ideal for plant establishment and minimize stress.

Dividing early allows new plants time to adjust before the heat of summer.

Cons:

New growth might be damaged during division if it has already emerged.

Flowering might be delayed or reduced in the year of division.

Early fall (before the first frost):

Pros:

Cooler temperatures are still present to minimize stress on the plants.

The soil is typically still moist due to autumn rains.

Plants have had a full season of growth and are well-prepared for the division process.

Cons:

New plants might not get established before winter, increasing the risk of cold damage.

Spring flowering might be slightly delayed in the following year.

Ultimately, the best time for you will depend on your specific climate and priorities. If you live in a warmer climate with mild winters, either spring or fall can work. However, if you have harsh winters, dividing in early spring is generally considered safest for ensuring the new plants have enough time to establish before the cold arrives.

Here are some additional things to keep in mind:

Avoid dividing pachysandra during hot and dry summer months, as this can stress the plants significantly.

Water your pachysandra thoroughly before and after division to help them adapt to the new environment.

Use clean, sharp tools when dividing the plants to minimize the risk of infection.

Replant the divided sections immediately.

Keep the soil moist for the first few weeks after division until the new plants are established.

I hope this information helps you choose the best time to divide your pachysandra plants for a successful outcome!

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Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' (2.5 inch pot)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' (bare root plant)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (3.5 inch pot)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (2.5 inch pot)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (bare root plant)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Silver Edge' (bare root plant)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' (2.5 inch pot)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green Sheen' (bare root plant)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (3.5 inch pot)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (2.5 inch pot)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Green' (bare root plant)

Pachysandra

Pachysandra terminalis 'Silver Edge' (bare root plant)