Dendranthema (aka Chrysanthemum)

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Dendranthema (den-dran' thah-mah) ;Garden Chrysanthemum; Family:Asteraceae, Aster

Formerly known as Chrysanthemum, the genus Chrysanthemum was separated into several unique genus in 1961. Although it has switched back and forth over the years, today the individual genus are commonly used in botanical nomenclature. The "corrected" genus for these common garden plants are:

Dendranthema - hardy garden mums
Leucanthemum - oxeye daisies, shasta daisies
Tanacetum - feverfew, painted daisies, tansy

Chrysanthemum is still commonly used for marginally hardy florist mums to differentiate from the true hardy Dendranthema.

Dendranthema

Dendranthema 'Sheffield Pink' (3.5 inch pot)

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Dendranthema

Dendranthema 'Sheffield Pink' (3.5 inch pot)

Dendranthema 'Sheffield Pink' (3.5-inch pot)previously Chrysanthemum rubellum Sheffield Pink'Common name: Fall Daisy, hardy mum. Pink Daisy Mum, Garden or Hardy Chrysanthemum. Height: 18-24 InchesSpread: 30-36 InchesHardiness Zone: 5-9Full...

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Now: $4.10
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What are the benefits of planting Dendranthema?

Dendranthema, commonly known as chrysanthemums or mums, offer a multitude of benefits for gardeners seeking beauty and functionality in their landscapes. Here are some key advantages of planting these vibrant flowers:

Extended Bloom Time: Unlike many flowering plants, Dendranthema boast extended bloom times, typically lasting from late summer to late fall. This extended period of colorful blossoms adds vibrancy and visual interest to your garden throughout the season, requiring less replanting throughout the year.

Diverse Color Palette: Dendranthema come in a dazzling array of colors, ranging from classic yellow and white to vibrant pinks, reds, oranges, and purples. This vast color selection allows you to create stunning color combinations and personalize your garden to suit your taste.

Low-Maintenance Care: Dendranthema are low-maintenance plants, thriving with minimal care once established. They are tolerant of a wide range of soil conditions and require moderate watering. Additionally, many varieties are resistant to common pests and diseases, reducing the need for pesticides or fungicides.

Attracts Pollinators: Dendranthema's vibrant blooms and sweet fragrance attract a variety of beneficial pollinators, including bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds. These pollinators play a crucial role in maintaining a healthy ecosystem by aiding in the reproduction of other plants.

Culinary and Medicinal Uses: While not all varieties are suitable for consumption, certain Dendranthema species have culinary and medicinal uses in various cultures. The petals of some varieties can be used in teas, salads, or as garnishes, while some cultures utilize specific types of Dendranthema in traditional medicine. Always consult with a qualified professional before consuming any plant for medicinal purposes.

Symbolism and Cultural Significance: In many cultures, Dendranthema hold symbolic meaning. In Asian cultures, they often symbolize longevity, happiness, and good fortune. Understanding the cultural significance of these flowers can add another layer of meaning to your garden.

Versatility in Use: Dendranthema's diverse forms and sizes make them suitable for various planting applications. They can be planted in flower beds, borders, containers, or even used as cut flowers for stunning indoor arrangements.

Easy Propagation: Dendranthema can be easily propagated through division or stem cuttings, allowing you to expand your collection and share these beautiful flowers with others.

By incorporating Dendranthema into your garden, you can enjoy a profusion of long-lasting blooms, attract essential pollinators, and create a visually captivating and culturally significant addition to your landscape.

What are the characteristics of Dendranthema?

Dendranthema, commonly known as chrysanthemums or mums, are vibrant and diverse flowering plants belonging to the Asteraceae family. They are native to East Asia and northeastern Europe and offer a range of characteristics that make them popular choices for gardeners:

Flower Diversity: Dendranthema boast a remarkable diversity in flower form, size, and color.

Flower Forms: They come in single, double, and anemone-like flower forms, offering a variety of visual textures to your garden.

Flower Sizes: Bloom sizes can range from small, button-like flowers to large, impressive blooms, allowing you to choose varieties that suit your specific needs and preferences.

Color Palette: Dendranthema come in a dazzling array of colors, encompassing classic yellow and white, vibrant pinks, reds, oranges, and purples. This vast color selection allows you to create stunning color combinations and personalize your garden to your taste.

Long Blooming Season: Unlike many flowering plants, Dendranthema boast extended bloom times, typically lasting from late summer to late fall. This extended period of colorful blossoms adds vibrancy and visual interest to your garden throughout the season, requiring less replanting throughout the year.

Adaptable and Low Maintenance: Dendranthema are low-maintenance plants, thriving in various climates and soil conditions. They are tolerant of a wide range of soil types, from well-drained to moderately moist soils, and prefer full sun to partial shade. Once established, they require moderate watering and are resistant to common pests and diseases, making them a good choice for beginner gardeners.

Easy Propagation: Dendranthema can be easily propagated through division or stem cuttings, allowing you to expand your collection and share these beautiful flowers with others.

Cultural Significance: In many cultures, Dendranthema hold symbolic meaning. In Asian cultures, they often symbolize longevity, happiness, and good fortune. Understanding the cultural significance of these flowers can add another layer of meaning to your garden.

How do I plant Dendranthema?

Planting Dendranthema, also known as chrysanthemums or mums, is a straightforward process that can be accomplished with minimal effort. Here is a step-by-step guide to ensure their successful growth:

Choosing the Right Time:

The ideal time to plant Dendranthema depends on your climate and the type of Dendranthema you choose.
Spring or early fall are considered the best times to plant as the temperatures are mild and the risk of frost is minimal.
For colder climates (USDA zones 3-6), planting in early spring allows the plants to establish themselves before winter.
In warmer climates (USDA zones 7-10), planting in early fall is often preferred to avoid the summer heat.

Selecting the Planting Location:

Choose a location that receives full sun to partial shade. Aim for at least 6-8 hours of sunlight per day.
Ensure the soil is well-drained to prevent root rot. You can amend the soil with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage and provide essential nutrients.

Planting Steps:

Dig a hole slightly larger than the root ball of your Dendranthema plant.
Gently remove the plant from its container and loosen any tightly bound roots.
Place the plant in the hole, ensuring the crown (the point where the stem meets the roots) is level with the soil surface.
Backfill the hole with soil and gently tamp it down to remove air pockets.
Water the plant thoroughly to settle the soil and hydrate the roots.

Aftercare:

Water your Dendranthema regularly, especially during the first few weeks after planting or during dry periods. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged.
Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature.
Fertilize your Dendranthema with a balanced fertilizer according to the manufacturer's instructions. Once a month during the growing season is sufficient.
Deadheading spent blooms by removing them just below the flower head will encourage further blooming throughout the season.
Pinch back your Dendranthema stems (optional) during the early stages of growth to promote bushier, more compact plants with increased flower production. Pinch the growing tips of the stems regularly until mid-summer.

By following these simple steps, you can successfully plant and care for your Dendranthema, enjoying their vibrant blooms for weeks to come. Remember that specific requirements might vary slightly depending on the specific variety of Dendranthema you choose, so consulting the plant label or a local gardening expert for additional guidance is always recommended.

What are varieties of Dendranthema?

Dendranthema, commonly known as chrysanthemums or mums, encompass a vast array of varieties with diverse characteristics. Here are some popular classifications to explore:

By Bloom Form:

Single Bloom: These feature a single ring of petals surrounding a central disc of disc florets, offering a simple and elegant look.
Double Bloom: These boast multiple layers of petals, creating a fuller and showier appearance.
Anemone-Form: These resemble anemones, featuring a single ring of petals surrounding a prominent central disc of disc florets, often with different colored disc florets compared to the petals.

By Bloom Size:

Large-flowered: These varieties produce impressive blooms, often exceeding four inches in diameter, making a bold statement in the garden.
Medium-flowered: These versatile varieties offer a good balance between size and visual impact, typically ranging from 2 to 4 inches in diameter.
Small-flowered or Button-type: These compact blooms, usually under two inches in diameter, add a charming touch to borders and containers.

By Bloom Time:

Early-blooming: These varieties typically flower from late summer to early fall, adding color to your garden as the days begin to shorten.
Mid-season blooming: These varieties flower in the heart of fall, offering a vibrant display during the peak autumn season.
Late-blooming: These varieties flower in late fall, sometimes even extending into early winter in mild climates, providing a colorful burst as the season concludes.

Popular Varieties:

Within these classifications, countless named varieties exist, each offering unique characteristics. Here are a few popular examples:

'Sheffield Pink': This mid-season bloomer features large, double, pink blooms and is known for its reliable performance.
'Bronze Deborah': This late-blooming variety boasts large, single, bronze-colored blooms with a prominent yellow center disc.
'Clara Curtis': This mid-season bloomer features anemone-form flowers with white petals and a burgundy center disc, adding a touch of elegance to the garden.
'Spider White': This early-blooming variety features single, white blooms with long, spidery petals, creating a unique and eye-catching display.
'Cranbury': This mid-season bloomer produces button-type, deep red blooms, perfect for adding pops of color to containers or borders.

Remember that this is just a small selection of the vast array of Dendranthema varieties available. With a little exploration, you are sure to find the perfect variety to add beauty and vibrancy to your garden.

How Do I Care For Dendranthema?

Caring for Dendranthema, also known as chrysanthemums or mums, is simple and rewarding. Here is a comprehensive guide to ensure their health and vibrant blooms:

Watering:

Regular watering is crucial, especially during the first few weeks after planting and during dry periods. Aim to keep the soil consistently moist but not waterlogged. Overwatering can lead to root rot.
Water deeply at the base of the plant rather than sprinkling lightly. This encourages the roots to grow deep and strong.
During periods of rain, adjust your watering schedule accordingly.

Sunlight:

Dendranthema thrive in full sun to partial shade. Aim for at least 6-8 hours of sunlight per day for optimal growth and flowering.
Too little sunlight can lead to leggy plants with fewer blooms.

Soil:

Dendranthema prefer well-drained soil to prevent root rot. Sandy loam is ideal, but they can adapt to various soil types with proper amendments.
If your soil is heavy clay, consider amending it with compost or other organic matter to improve drainage.

Fertilizing:

Fertilize your Dendranthema with a balanced fertilizer according to the manufacturer's instructions. Once a month during the growing season (spring and summer) is sufficient.
Overfertilizing can harm the plant and encourage excessive foliage growth at the expense of blooms.

Deadheading:

Regularly deadhead spent blooms by removing them just below the flower head. This encourages continuous blooming throughout the season and promotes a tidier appearance.

Pinching (optional):

Pinching back the stems during the early stages of growth (spring and early summer) can promote bushier, more compact plants with increased flower production. Pinch the growing tips of the stems regularly until mid-summer.
This practice is optional and not necessary for all varieties.

Mulching:

Apply a layer of mulch around the base of the plant to retain moisture, suppress weeds, and regulate soil temperature. Organic mulches like wood chips or shredded bark are preferable.

Winter Care:

In colder climates (USDA zones 3-6), some Dendranthema varieties may not survive the winter. You can either cover the plants with mulch or straw to protect them or bring them indoors and place them in a cool, sunny location.
In warmer climates (USDA zones 7-10), most Dendranthema will survive the winter outdoors. However, you can still provide them with a light layer of mulch for added protection.

Additional Tips:

Divide established Dendranthema plants every 2-3 years to maintain their vigor and prevent overcrowding.
Be aware of potential pests and diseases like aphids, spider mites, and powdery mildew. Treat them promptly with organic methods or insecticidal soap if necessary.
Consult your local nursery or gardening expert for specific advice on caring for Dendranthema varieties in your region.

By following these simple guidelines, you can ensure your Dendranthema thrive and bring their vibrant blooms to your garden for many seasons to come.

Does Dendranthema attract pollinators?

Dendranthema, commonly known as chrysanthemums or mums, are effective at attracting pollinators like bees, butterflies, and hummingbirds to your garden. Here is why:

Attractive blooms: Dendranthema offer a diverse range of colors, including yellow, orange, red, pink, purple, and white, which are highly attractive to pollinators. These vibrant colors often serve as visual cues for pollinators, guiding them towards the nectar and pollen-rich flowers.

Rich nectar source: Dendranthema produce abundant nectar, a sweet, sugary liquid that provides essential energy for pollinators. This nectar is readily available to pollinators due to the open and accessible structure of the flowers.

Pollen availability: Dendranthema also offer pollen, a source of protein and essential nutrients for pollinators, particularly bees. The pollen is easily accessible to pollinators due to the open flower structure and the presence of pollen on the disc florets in the center of the blooms.

Bloom time: Many Dendranthema varieties flower in late summer and fall, a time when many other flowering plants have finished blooming. This extended bloom period provides a valuable food source for pollinators when resources may be scarce.

By attracting pollinators, Dendranthema contribute to the health and biodiversity of your garden ecosystem. Pollinators play a crucial role in plant reproduction by transferring pollen between flowers, ensuring the development of fruits and seeds. Additionally, the presence of pollinators can enhance the fruit set of other plants in your garden, leading to a greater harvest.

Here are some additional points to consider:

Double-flowered varieties: While still attractive to pollinators, double-flowered varieties with many layers of petals may have less accessible nectar and pollen compared to single-flowered varieties.

Pesticide use: Avoid using pesticides on your Dendranthema, as this can harm pollinators alongside the intended pests.

Overall, Dendranthema offer a beautiful and practical addition to your garden, attracting pollinators and contributing to a healthy ecosystem while providing you with vibrant blooms throughout the season.

Are There Any Common Pests Or Diseases That Affect Dendranthema?

Yes, even though Dendranthema are considered low-maintenance plants, they can be susceptible to certain pests and diseases. Here is a breakdown of some common ones to watch out for:

Pests:

Aphids: These small, soft-bodied insects suck the sap from leaves and stems, causing stunted growth, wilting, and yellowing leaves.
Thrips: These tiny, slender insects also feed on plant sap, leaving behind silvery markings on leaves and causing distorted flowers.
Leafminers: The larvae of various moth species tunnel within the leaves, creating unsightly winding trails and affecting the plant's health.
Slugs and snails: These slimy creatures feed on leaves and flowers, leaving behind ragged edges and slime trails.

Diseases:

Powdery mildew: This fungal disease appears as white powdery patches on leaves and stems, hindering plant growth and reducing photosynthesis.
Botrytis blight (gray mold): This fungal disease thrives in cool, humid conditions, causing flowers and buds to rot and turn brown or gray.
Leaf spots: Fungal or bacterial leaf spots can cause brown, yellow, or black spots to form on leaves, affecting their appearance and potentially compromising the plant's health.
Verticillium wilt: This fungal disease causes wilting, yellowing, and stunting of the plant, often starting from one side, and gradually progressing upwards.

Prevention is key:

Maintaining good garden hygiene: Regularly remove fallen leaves and debris around the plants to eliminate potential harboring spots for pests and diseases.
Promoting air circulation: Provide adequate spacing between plants and avoid overcrowding to improve air circulation and prevent moisture buildup, which can favor fungal diseases.
Watering practices: Water at the base of the plant and avoid wetting the leaves, which can encourage fungal diseases.
Choosing resistant varieties: Opt for Dendranthema varieties known to be resistant to specific pests and diseases prevalent in your region.

Addressing existing problems:

For minor infestations or outbreaks: Use insecticidal soap, neem oil, or other organic methods to manage pests. For severe infestations, consult a local nursery or gardening expert for guidance on appropriate control measures.
For fungal diseases: Remove and discard affected plant parts and apply fungicides if necessary. Always follow label instructions and safety precautions when using any pesticides or fungicides.

By being proactive with preventative measures and addressing any issues promptly, you can help ensure your Dendranthema thrive and remain vibrant additions to your garden.

Can I Use Dendranthema in Floral Arrangements?

Yes, Dendranthema, commonly known as chrysanthemums or mums, are excellent choices for floral arrangements. They offer several advantages that make them popular among florists and flower enthusiasts:

Long-lasting blooms: Dendranthema boast extended bloom times, typically lasting for several weeks in a vase, adding vibrancy and beauty to your arrangements for longer.
Diverse variety: Dendranthema come in a wide range of colors, sizes, and flower forms, allowing you to create diverse and visually stunning arrangements. From single and double blooms to spider and anemone forms, the options cater to various styles and preferences.
Availability: Dendranthema are widely available throughout the fall season, making them a reliable choice for arrangements during this time.
Relatively low maintenance: Once cut and placed in a vase, Dendranthema require minimal care. Simply ensure the water level remains fresh and cool, and recut the stems every few days to promote water uptake.

Here are some additional tips for using Dendranthema in floral arrangements:

Choose blooms at the right stage: Select flowers that are partially open with firm petals for optimal vase life. Avoid fully open blooms or those with wilting or damaged petals.
Prepare the stems: Cut the stems diagonally with a sharp knife to increase water absorption. Remove any foliage that will be below the water line in the vase.
Use a clean vase: Fill the vase with cool, clean water and add a floral preservative according to the manufacturer's instructions to extend the life of the blooms.
Condition the flowers: Allow the flowers to hydrate in cool water for a few hours before arranging them.
Combined with other elements: Dendranthema pair well with various flowers, foliage, and decorative elements. Experiment with different combinations to create unique and personalized arrangements.

While Dendranthema are considered safe for most people, it is important to note that some individuals may have pollen allergies. If you are concerned about allergies, it is best to choose another type of flower for your arrangement.

Overall, Dendranthema offer a versatile and beautiful option for adding color, texture, and long-lasting vibrancy to your floral arrangements.

Is Dendranthema Invasive?

The invasiveness of Dendranthema, commonly known as chrysanthemums or mums, depends on the specific species and location.

Here is a breakdown to consider:

Generally:

Most cultivated varieties of Dendranthema are not considered invasive. They are sterile or produce infertile seeds, limiting their ability to spread and establish themselves in natural ecosystems.

However, a few species and specific cultivars can be invasive in certain regions and pose a threat to native plant communities.

Examples:

Dendranthema x grandiflorum (Florist's chrysanthemum): This species is listed as invasive in some parts of North America, including the Pacific Northwest and the Northeast. It can readily spread through seed dispersal and vegetative reproduction, potentially displacing native plants and disrupting natural habitats.

Other potentially invasive species: Dendranthema zawadzkii (Korean chrysanthemum) and Dendranthema indicum (East Asian chrysanthemum) are also listed as invasive in some areas.

Here is what you can do:

Before planting any Dendranthema, research the specific variety and its potential invasiveness in your region. Reliable sources include your local cooperative extension office, native plant societies, and reputable online resources.

Opt for non-invasive varieties: Many beautiful and readily available cultivated varieties of Dendranthema are not invasive. Choose these varieties to enjoy their blooms without contributing to the spread of invasive plants.

Responsible gardening practices: Even with non-invasive varieties, it is important to practice responsible gardening. Avoid letting flower heads go to seed and dispose of plant waste properly to prevent any accidental spread.

By being informed and making responsible choices, you can enjoy the beauty of Dendranthema while minimizing any potential environmental impact.

When Is The Best Time To propagate Dendranthema?

The best time to propagate Dendranthema, also known as chrysanthemums or mums, depends on the chosen method:

Division:

Spring (late March to early May) is considered the ideal time for dividing established Dendranthema plants.
During this period, the plants are actively growing and have enough time to establish themselves before winter.
Fall (after flowering and before the first frost) can also be an option in warmer climates (USDA zones 7-10). However, ensure the new divisions have sufficient time to root before winter arrives.

Stem Cuttings:

Early summer (June to July) is the best time to take stem cuttings for propagation.
During this time, the stems are soft enough to root easily but mature enough to have developed nodes for root growth.

Here is a summary table for your reference:

Propagation Method	Best Time
Division	Spring (late March to early May) or Fall (after flowering, before frost) in warmer climates (zones 7-10)
Stem Cuttings	Early summer (June to July)

Additional factors to consider:

Local climate: Always adjust the timing based on your specific climate and growing conditions. Warmer regions may have a longer window for both division and stem cuttings.

Plant variety: Certain varieties may have specific preferences for propagation timing. Consult information specific to the variety you are propagating for any recommendations.

By following these guidelines and considering the specific factors mentioned, you can increase your chances of successfully propagating your Dendranthema and enjoying these beautiful flowers for years to come.

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Dendranthema

Dendranthema 'Sheffield Pink' (3.5 inch pot)

Dendranthema

Dendranthema 'Sheffield Pink' (3.5 inch pot)